Kung Fu Panda: Convergence and Interactivity

Convergence means coming together, merging or meeting. Advancement in technology has allowed bringing together different media to a single platform thus providing more functionality and services to the consumers (Convergence, 2004).Interactivity is the â€Å"degree to which users can make choices within an environment† (Web3D Part5: Glossary, 2006).   Interactivity has always existed to a degree in one form or another however with the Internet and advancement in media users have more choice and flexibility and they can also modify content to suit their own requirements.This paper presents a critical analysis of a website and assesses how convergence has allowed using old media in new ways and affected user interactivity.Traditionally movies have been advertised through billboards, pamphlets, posters, advertisements on radio, television and in newspapers and also short trailers at cinemas prior to the start of another movie. These advertising methods have been costly, as othe r than the production cost they also involve high broadcasting costs. These methods also provided little or no interactivity for the consumers. Popularity of the internet, and remarkably lesser production and broadcasting costs have resulted in internet advertising becoming necessary for economic survival in the competitive world of movie distribution. TNS Media Intelligence (Foote, 2007) forecasts increase in US advertisements, with Internet advertising continuing with double digit growth.Kungfupanda.com is an example of a website which has converged, brought together, images, text, audio and video from the traditional mediums of movie advertisement to a single platform, the Internet, providing consumers with enhanced levels of functionality, services and interactivity.On visiting the KungfuPanda website the user is presented with an introductory screen which states the release date of the movie in US and also has a link to the worldwide movie release dates. If the user is interest ed in viewing the webpage in another language, there is a choice of 8 different languages. The user can simply select the country’s flag and a new KungfuPanda window opens in that language. With traditional medium the movie distribution company would be required to produce advertising material separately for each of the 8 languages which would be costly. With the Internet it is relatively easy to translate a webpage in different languages.If the user is only interested in viewing the trailer for the movie they can click on the link, however, for a user who is interested in finding more about the movie he/she can click on the ‘Enter the Site’ link. In this way KungfuPanda website has provided interactivity and given its customers flexibility and control of how they view the website and how long, or in much detail they view the website.On clicking the ‘Enter the Site’ link the viewer is presented with an array of humorous and colourful animation. The s ite has very strong visual and auditory impact. The user can scroll back and forth along the linear window through the animated scenery and can choose a character or a building. Upon clicking on an object the user is sent to an additional page dedicated to the chosen character.It gives an account of the various strengths and weaknesses and hopes and aspirations of the character. It also gives the viewer the option to download emoticons, wallpapers, screensavers etc. This functionality of each character breaking apart into a separate page gives the advertiser far more scope to sell the character and to brand it.  Ã‚   To promote the movie and make it more appealing for the children the site also provides activity sheets and colouring pages.The site is not fully complete as on number of links it states ‘coming soon’. The site also assumes that the users have high speed internet connection. A website with such strong visuals and animation would take very long to load wit h a slow dialup connection which could prove to be very frustrating for the users. The users should have been given a choice to select the kind of internet connection they have and the site then presented accordingly.There are a number of negative social implications that can be associated with this website. The premise of the KungfuPanda website is purely economic gains; it is wrapped up in a colourful product aimed at children.   By having a good understanding of the child psychology, the advertisers have used â€Å"pester power†, â€Å"brand recognition† strategies to target the children. This endeavour of using child psychology for a successful marketing campaign has been deemed unethical by some (How Marketers Target Kids, n.d.).It should be noted that martial arts can be considered a violent sport. KungfuPanda site however depicts martial arts in a comedic light and encourages teachers, parents and martial arts instructors to bring children in groups. The site has an external link for group sales.By giving users free downloads they may be tricked into thinking that these are sincere gifts from the movie distributors/advertisers, but in fact they are being used by the advertiser to broaden their campaign. Being an award winning site, KungfuPanda has succeeded in further spreading its advertising tentacles by being listed on the creative website awards (CWA) and favorite website awards page (FWA). The technical and visual prowess of the site  helps more people to learn about the product it sells, in turn creating a reciprocal  type of advertising to the site that hosts the awards.Kungfupanda.com is a good example of how movie advertisement has converged from the traditional mediums and has had economic effects on distribution costs. All the previous methods of film advertising have converged into a slick portal with the added layer of interactivity and user choice. However, with convergence, increased flexibility and interactivity there are also many social implications that must be given careful consideration.ReferencesConvergence, (2004), [Internet], [email  protected] Available from: [Accessed 15th March 2008].Foote, A. (2007), News, [Internet], TNS Media Intelligence. Available from:< http://www.tns-mi.com/news/01082007.htm> [Accessed 15th March 2008].How Marketers Target Kids, (n.d.), [Internet], Media Awareness Network, Available from: < http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/marketing/marketers_target_kids.cfm>  Ã‚   [Accessed 15th March 2008].Web3D, Part 5: Glossary, (2006), [Internet], Reality Prime, Available from: < http://www.realityprime.com/articles/web-3d-part-5/>   [Accessed 15th March 2008].

Police explorer programs Essay

In Fair Haven, New Jersey the explorer program is meant for young adults that are interested in pursuing a future in law enforcement. The program will introduce the young adults to traits that police officers should have such as: hard work ethic, integrity, honesty, courage, respect, and most of all discipline. The police explorers assist with crowd control events and traffic direction. They are also able to ride along with police officers and see what a usual day is for a police officer. The Washington police explorers help youth to gain insight into a variety of programs that include classroom instruction as well as hands-on law enforcement activities. The explorers are also eligible for many college scholarships to assist in continuing education. The explorers also compete in the national explorer competition every two years. The national explorer is when thousands of law enforcement explorers and adult leaders come together for a week of team and individual competitions, seminars, demonstrations, exhibits, recreation and fun. The Knoxville police department explorer post is a volunteer organization that was formed to provide a law enforcement background and training to senior members of the boy scouts of America. The main goal of the police explorer post is to prepare young adults to become police officers through education, training, and work experience. Some of the basic training includes: traffic control, officer survival, patrol procedures, radio procedures, firearms, basic criminal law, defensive driving, and an overview of the police department. Some activities they assist in are DUI sobriety checkpoints, crime prevention events, downtown events and patrols, and search and recovery operations. In Cary, Illinois the police officer advisors train and give guidance to the explorers program in all non-hazardous functions of the Cary Police Department. The advisors generously donate their time, attending meetings at the police station every other Thursday from 7:30 to 9 pm. experienced police officers provide training in a variety of police related skills, such as traffic crash investigation, criminal investigations, domestic disputes, processing crime scenes, building searches and arrest techniques. The relationship between the Cary police department and the explorers program directly benefits both the community and the individual explorer. Thecommunity benefits through the hard work and volunteer activities of the Explorers Program, as they provide a variety of public services. Explorers assist Police Officers during the Village’s annual â€Å"Merry Cary Holiday Festival†, â€Å"National Night Out† and other community events. The explorer’s participation and training benefits them by proving an excellent foundation for careers in law enforcement and enables them to become more responsible citizens.

Innocence to experience

Blake was tuned to the huge social and political forces of the late 18th century. This can be seen in Blake's poem ‘The Tyger' as he uses two symbols of revolution; French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution which both happened in the 18th century! The title ‘The Tyger' is a symbol which was used in 18th century newspapers, similar to Blake's symbolic description of the French Reign of Terror. The ‘Times' newspaper talked about the Reign of Terror as a Tyger: â€Å"a tiger stalking the streets of Paris†. This ‘Tyger' was used to symbolize the power, machinery, evil, violence and energy of the revolutions going on at this time. The description ‘Tyger Tyger burning bright' is a pun because ‘burning' could be seen to represent destructiveness whilst ‘bright' is a deep, powerful word for revolution. In the third line ‘What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?' which has a questioning tone, means that Blake is awestruck on what kind of God would want or allow the French Revolution. In the second verse which talks about Satan's energy, it starts with a questioning tone about heaven or hell ‘deeps or skies'. The question ‘Burnt the fire of thine eyes' is addressed towards Lucifer (the Devil). Verse two and three shows the imagery of the industrial revolution ‘In what furnace was thy brain'. Blake says God is a blacksmith who wrestles with power and energy which is beneficial and at the same time destructive. In the fifth verse: ‘When the stars threw down their spears And water'd heaven with their tears: Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee?' This is saying that if there were only good and no evil, there would be no good because there would be no comparison to what is good and what's not. He basically says man needs a bit of ‘lamb' (goodness, kindness, peace) and a bit of ‘Tyger' (power, strength). Blake's poems don't just speak about his current times but can apply to nowadays. ‘The Tyger' is a time symbol of revolution because it can relate to modern society: huge powerful machines such as the nuclear power station. It can relate to the revolution in his time; such as the French Revolution (1789) and the Industrial Revolution but can also relate to more modern revolution; such as the Russian Revolution (1917). Blake did not just dislike the church and revolution but also criticizes and explores the effects of a culture governed by commerce. This can be seen in the poem ‘London'. This poem talks about a London which is overpowered by commerce, government and religion. One of the main places where he enforces this in this poem is on line four ‘Marks of Weakness, marks of woe' which means the people (London) allow themselves to be controlled by commerce. The word ‘marks' is also repeated in this sentence twice and once earlier on; this is a politician's method to repeat the same word three times to enforce his subject. The phrase ‘charter'd street' in the first line suggests that every street is filled with commerce and instead of a list of freedoms; there is a list of restrictions. This word is also repeated on the second line; ‘Near where the charter'd Thames does flow' which is saying that every street and river is devoted to making money and even though the river is symbol of peace and freedom, it is a type of harnessed freedom. Blake doesn't just see London governed by commerce but a corrupt government and monarchy. In the second verse Blake says ‘The mind-forg'd manacles' which is a metaphor meaning that people's minds are in chains and people mindlessly accept a monarchy, a corrupt government and the misery of every day existence because the church brain-washes people into not rebelling and to put up with their terrible lives. However, I think Blake's attacks of the church seem to be of the late 18th century because of his poems such as ‘Chimney Sweeper', ‘Little Black Boy' and ‘Sick Rose'. In the chimney sweeper the children are made to think that no matter how dreadful the church is, in the after life you will be with god, and the children will be celebrating this. They are also brain washed from the church and the society of that time to make the children accept their lives as slaves. In the poem ‘Little Black Boy', black people are indoctrinated from the church and the society to think that white is superior and that black is horrible thing to be and they should look up at the white people. A mother gets told this from the church and so therefore it is passed down the family. These are told to them because they believe the church and think the church is good so they put up with a bad life. This can also be shown in the poem ‘The Sick Rose'. The name Rose is a metaphor for a flower, a name, love, passion, joy and England. It is saying that England is diseased and it's people are turning unhealthy. This can be shown because it is saying that the priest can't have sex so they try to stop others. On the other hand it is wrong in saying that attacks of the church seem to be of the late 18th century because there is still racism and social injustice. We are still indoctrinated but in many different ways by adverts, media, technology and government etc. Blake's poems in the Songs of innocence and Experience can relate to his time but also modern society. His psychic and emotional views about the society he describes are relevant to the 18th century, but they are also relevant today.

Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Social work - Essay Example Firstly, it must be assessed whether the person really needs help. Secondly, observation of the circumstances must be made with regard to the person needing help. Further if the person assessed turns out to be a disabled person such person is entitled to additional benefits in regards to Section 47 (2) of the National Health Services and the Community Care Act 1990. The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 states, â€Å"carers aged 16 or over are eligible for an assessment of their ability to provide and continue to provide care where: The carer does not provide or intend to provide the care under a contract or as a volunteer for a voluntary organization; they provide or intend to provide a substantial amount of care on a regular basis for another individual aged 18 or over; the local authority is satisfied that the person cared for is someone for whom it may provide or arrange for the provision of community care services; and the carer asks the local authority to conduct an assessment† (Department of Health, 2010, p. 16) In the current case the daughter of Mrs. A had voluntarily undertaken the responsibility of her disabled mother who is aged over 18 years off course and the daughter is 34 years old (above 16 years). Hence under the Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000, Mrs. A’s daughter is liable to assessment by the local authority. The psychotherapist in this case at last decides to send social services to take care of this state of depression. If assessment proves that she was not capable of taking care of her mother then some social worker or an organization should interfere. In this regard, an assessment needs to be made on the amount of care given by the carers to the patients. It must also be seen that the person being cared for falls under the category of Section 47 of the National Health Services and the Community Care Act 1990 in regards to the nature of circumstances, which has compelled such patients to receive

Pricing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pricing - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that price is the monetary value associated with the product and it is the driver of company revenues.† Charles W. Lamb, Joseph F. Hair and Carl McDaniel believe that price is something â€Å"which is given up in an exchange to acquire a good or service.† Price of a product or service is very important to both seller and customer. Usually, customers see the  price as the cost of product or service, whereas seller considers as the revenue. The logic is simple for the sellers – revenue increases with the increase in price or volume of sales. In reality, price remains vague as all the details related to it are never spelled out. Theoretically, the  price is one of the most important Ps among the four Ps of product marketing. The inclusion of the  price in the marketing mix (four Ps) signifies the importance of it in the world of marketing. The marketing process is incomplete without proper adoption and implementation of pricing strategy. Prices are established in order to cover the costs and make some profit which is the ultimate objective of any company. In other words, it can be said that price is very important because it brings the profit which is crucial for the survival of the company. It is often found that customers’ expectation regarding the quality of the product varies with the price. It is assumed that quality of the product increases with the increase in price. Marketers need to consider such assumption and give proper importance to the price aspect accordingly.

Lesbian and Gay Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lesbian and Gay Parenting - Essay Example But the lesbian and gay parents and their children face discrimination and marginalization in the society. So, the mainstream society needs to change because one’s sexual identity is personal can do nothing to the children. Personal experience: The personal experience/interaction section in this work is based upon my personal interaction with lesbian and gay parents and their children, and is divided into two sections: response to reading reflections and intervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them. A. Response to reading reflections From a different angle of view, parenting is not a difficult task for lesbian and gay people, but the process to have children of their own is extremely difficult for them. For instance, lesbian and gay parents cannot have their own children through biological process. So, they are forced to depend upon other methods like adopting a child from an orphanage, depending upon donors who are ready to co-op erate with insemination, and accepting the help of surrogate mothers. On the other side, the lesbian and gay parents are similar to other parents because they show keen interest in the growth and development of their children. ... One can see that the general opinion that the children who are from lesbian and gay families face a number of disadvantages is not true because researches based on the same reject this generalization. Ricketts (1991) makes clear that, â€Å"Studies on gay and lesbian parenting support the position that children are not disadvantaged and, in some cases, receive unique benefit from being reared by gay, lesbian individuals† (p.47). Besides, the lesbian and gay people do not consider their families as different from traditional families and they are ready to raise children. Mizrahi (2008) states that, â€Å"Recent government surveys demonstrate that many lesbians and gay men are already raising children, and more lesbians and gay people would like to have children at some point† (p.245). So, one can easily identify the fact that a child’s parents’ sexual identity or the interest in lesbianism/homosexuality does not harm his or her growth and development. B. In tervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them So as to unearth the problems faced by lesbian and gay parents, I interacted with a number of lesbian and gay parents and their children. Most of the lesbian and gay parents pointed out that they do not feel any difference from other parents. They further added that their sexual identity will not harm their children’s lives because it is personal. But Harding (2011) states that, â€Å"But in certain respects, lesbian and gay parenting remains on the periphery of legal protections for lesbians and gay men, and understandings of the relations of family life for lesbian and gay parents are much less entrenched than considerations of same-sex relationships†(p.5). On the other side, most of the

Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Term Paper

Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services - Term Paper Example Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services The people that need these services are directly affected when the health sector is not up to their task (Thorpe and Cascio, 2013). Therefore, it is in the best interests of the health care sector to guarantee it has contained all its challenges and setbacks in ensuring the public is getting the much needed services without delay. The stagnating problem in the health care sector is provision of high quality services that are affordable by all the people in the region. According to the recent statistics, many people find it hard to afford the health care services and in most cases, they have to struggle in acquiring such services (Elliott, 2012). They have constrained budgets and have to minimize these budgets to continue living. As such, some people find it a prudent idea to forego healthcare services as they find these resources useful in other needy situations. This is a repulsive problem in many populations that find health care services expensive (Shortell, Casalino and Fisher, 2010). Similarly, there is a stagnating problem when governing bodies try to improve the quality of health care and delivery of these services. The health care is marred with costs that are increasing with every move they take to improve the delivery of health care services (Rogers, 2006). As such, the healthcare sector is in a biza rre situation where it is trying to reduce costs in delivering affordable health care, but on the other hand, the costs keep bulging due to the need to improve the service delivery. (CMS Innovation Center, 2012). How Addressed by ACA The ACA created the centre for Medicare and Medicaid innovation to deal with the issue. The institution is crafted for the ostensible reason of perfecting health care delivery and focusing on the payment systems (The Center for Medicare and Medicaid, 2012). Similarly, the institution is mandated to support care coordination in the health care sector and enhancing professional practice in healthcare. This institution was instated to deal with the menace of high spending in the health care sector while dealing with provision of high quality services. There are various approaches that are used by the CMS (Sharamotaro, 2011). First, it was to test the delivery and payment models in the institutions which would be used to measure the improvement in service d elivery. Secondly, the institutions considered relaxing some laws that were governing relationships in the financial sector especially directed towards the providers (Cosgrove, 2012). Thirdly, there was waiving of some acts in order to enhance testing. Some of the acts that were affected include the social security act. Pros and Cons There is both positivity and negativity in the approach taken by the institution. To begin with, there is positivity in that many people will have access to affordable medical care. The people that need these services will only spend part of their income in acquiring high quality healthcare services (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2012). Secondly, there is positivity in that people will have access to high quality services that are provided in the institution (Baron, 2012). Many institutions will step up

Shackleton Case Questions Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shackleton Questions - Case Study Example From this discussion it is clear that  Shackleton’s utmost strong point was his ability to keep the team together and reduce their tension even in situations of dire crisis. He managed to take fast effective decisions for the need of the moment especially when there was shortage of food on the ice and the decision to abandon the ship at the right time. However, the mains weakness lies in his shortsightedness regarding food supplies. We find examples of the men feasting and entertaining themselves with the flesh they hunted and whatever they brought along but care could have been taken to ration the food from the very beginning such that the animals could be kept alive. In fact his decision to kill McNeish’s pet worked against his relation with his subordinate since the latter never pardoned him for this.This report highlights that  Shackleton knew that an effective leader needs to inform the team members about the rewards and incentives lying in the path of achievin g the goals. He promised his men that they will be compensated in full despite the fact that their ship was lost.   His tactics are similar to that of Agamemnon who sent for Achilles with the promises to shower him with gifts of women, land and riches in order to win against Troy.  Machiavelli’s principles of ruling show some great ideas of leadership some of which have already been applied by Shackleton. According to Machiavelli, a leader can be â€Å"deceitful when it suits his purpose and not appear that way†.... He managed to take fast effective decisions for the need of the moment especially when there was shortage of food on the ice and the decision to abandon the ship at the right time (Koehn, 2010, p.12). However, the mains weakness lies in his shortsightedness regarding food supplies. We find examples of the men feasting and entertaining themselves with the flesh they hunted and whatever they brought along but care could have been taken to ration the food from the very beginning such that the animals could be kept alive. In fact his decision to kill McNeish’s pet worked against his relation with his subordinate since the latter never pardoned him for this (Koehn, 2010, p.30). When the dogs were shot in front of the men, the sight was disturbing to all of them (Koehn, 2010, p.16). In a situation where men are fighting for their own survival such a sight of death at the leader’s instructions might give them little confidence about a safe return. 3. What parallels do you see between Shackleton and other leaders whom you have studied? Shackleton knew that an effective leader needs to inform the team members about the rewards and incentives lying in the path of achieving the goals. He promised his men that they will be compensated in full despite the fact that their ship was lost (Koehn, 2010, p.15). His tactics are similar to that of Agamemnon who sent for Achilles with the promises to shower him with gifts of women, land and riches in order to win against Troy (Bass & Bass, 2008, p.366). Machiavelli’s principles of ruling show some great ideas of leadership some of which have already been applied by Shackleton. According to Machiavelli, a leader can be â€Å"deceitful when it suits his purpose and not appear that way† (Heijden,

IRR v. MIRR Valuation Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

IRR v. MIRR Valuation Methods - Research Paper Example However, the MIRR valuation method still exhibits a number of limitations noticeable with the use of IRR technique, for instance, its inability to value investments that are mutually exclusive. Additionally, the teaching of both IRR and MIRR in learning institutions has been a cause of concern, with claims that the IRR technique has had more attention at the expense of the MIRR valuation method. This paper focuses on analyzing IRR and MIRR with regard to major issues of concern, emerging issues, factors that have been instrumental in the understanding of IRR and MIRR in class situations, and present and future applications of the two valuation methods. Keywords: IRR (Internal Rate of Return), MIRR (Modified Internal Rate of Return), NPV (Net Present Value) Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 introduction 3 Main issues in IRR 4 Main issues in MIRR 6 New Learning in IRR 6 New Learning in MIRR 7 Class activities that have facilitated learning and understanding of IRR and MI RR 8 Specific current and future applications and 8 relevance in the workplace 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 introduction The pertinent question in the discussion about IRR and MIRR valuation methods lies in the differences that exist between the two investment appraisal methods. The chief difference in IRR and MIRR valuation methods is traceable to the factors that come into play when calculating the value of an investment with either of the methods. More specifically, the IRR valuation methods, which is more traditional form of the two, measures the worth of an investment with emphasis on internal factors, conspicuously overlooking the impact of interest rates and inflationary impact on the value of an investment. On the contrary, MIRR is a valuation technique that seeks to mitigate the impact of limitations brought about by IRR (Eagle, et al., 2008, p. 70). Just as the name implies, MIRR valuation method is a modification of the IRR valuation method. MIRR allows the value of the investment under query to show the impact of both future and present value of currencies at different times in the life of a project. Largely, IRR technique is an optimistic view on the value of an investment, while the MIRR is a more realistic view on the present and future value of an investment and is deemed more accurate than IRR valuation method (Kierulff, 2008, p. 328). This paper explores the variations between the IRR and MIRR valuation method at length, while taking into account the main issues surrounding the valuation techniques and the future and present applications of the methods. Main issues in IRR The major issue surrounding the IRR valuation method is the method’s inconsideration of environmental factors that have an impact on the value of an investment. The IRR approach compares the net present value of cash inflows and outflows. The point at which the negative cash flows and positive cash flows become equal is the IRR value. Another way to look at the valua tion equation is the point at which the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows equate to zero. In establishing what project to undertake in a scenario where the different projects are under comparison, the project with the highest internal rate of return gets preference over the rest of the projects. Even under this consideration, the IRR value has to exceed the cost of capital rate for the project to be economically viable (Kelleher & MacCormack, 2004, p. 1). Despite its contribution to

Parking Problems in the Florida National University Essay

Parking Problems in the Florida National University - Essay Example In the Florida National University, the issue of parking and campus traffic is increasingly crippling movement. This paper will show policies that can be adopted by the university to reduce parking problems. In many colleges, the problem is addressed by restricting students driving, or simply by allocating parking slots on a first-come-first-served basis (Shoup 21). While these approaches have produced varying levels of success, they have significantly reduced on-campus traffic. However, there are a few associated problems. For example, disabled students should be allowed to drive or be driven to school because o their conditions. In addition, lecturers and other important staff members serve the concern of a large number of people, implying they should not be required to compete with students for parking space in their places of work (Shoup 21). Therefore, despite the merits of the mentioned approaches, there is a need for more conclusive approaches. An economy-based approach has been proposed by Shoup. He proposes that in controlling the parking fees for students and other staff in campuses, it is possible to reduce traffic (Shoup 29). For example, parking lots close to lecture halls and offices are susceptible to traffic congestions. Raising the parking fee in these areas is likely to take them out of the reach of students and thus reduce traffic. Following the laws of economics, reducing the demand increases the supply. Therefore, increasing the prices of parking tickets in vital areas is bound to reduce the strain of parking problems on the campus. However, there is still a predicament with this approach because it requires all people to pay for parking. By extension, all members of staff and special needs groups with no alternative would fall victim to the plan. Therefore, despite the merits of this plan, it raises other problems (Kilbert and Tali 65).

Economics of Warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of Warfare - Essay Example For instance, some numbers only include civilians and does not count those who are in the military and those who are in the militia groups that have been resisting the government. In all, the number of deaths is very high (Atassi, 2013). Children have not been left behind have hundreds of them have faced death as a result of the attack. What is even more unfortunate is that some of these children have died from attacked from the government. However, the government has denied any of these allegations. However, it is clear that both the government and the militias have caused deaths of non-resisting civilians (Rabil, 2003). The Syrian economy has also been affected badly from the war. Like many wars, the Syrian war has affected the ability of the country to produce economically. Syrian exports have been reduced by over 75 percent, and the country is no longer able to export the exports it used to export which development agencies valued at $2.73 billion in 2010. These losses have brought many problems to the country, including illnesses that have been caused mainly by the lack of adequate proper basic amenities such as sanitation services. Syria is one example of how war can affect the economy. As Reynolds (2003) says, most non-economists tend to think that the major economic cost of a war is the money used to manufacture the equipment for war. They also consider the cost of war to involve cost to pay the soldiers to carry out the war. But as has been seen in Syria and indeed in many other wars around the word, there are many other economic issues that come from war (Benet, 2014). However, the economics effect of the Syrian war is only affecting Syria. It is affecting the rest the world, especially Europe. As Lobello (2013) says, even though Syria itself is not a major producer of oil, the conflict in Syria is affecting the prices of oil

Why Study Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Why Study Philosophy Essay The ancient Greek philosopher, Socrates, once said that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living. † Philosophy provides students with the tools they need to critically examine their own lives as well as the world in which they live. Philosophers are, by definition, â€Å"lovers of wisdom† (from the Greek â€Å"philo† = love and â€Å"sophia† = wisdom). Have you ever wondered why many of your professors have a Ph. D. or â€Å"doctor of philosophy† even if they do not teach philosophy? Philosophy is the oldest academic discipline and as such has no natural boundaries. Philosophers strive to uncover wisdom in every dimension of human existence. The tools one acquires through a philosophical education can be applied to any discipline and will help you to see connections between those disciplines. Consequently, philosophy is of use to students contemplating majors in any field. The philosophy courses at IUS seek to involve students in clear, reflective thought on philosophical issues of major importance and to introduce them to the ideas of several great philosophers. In the first section of this document, you will find information on the general benefits of studying philosophy. Sections two through four, discuss the advantages philosophy majors have over other majors pursuing a graduate education. Section five contains some links to other perspective on the value of a philosophical education. Section One: General Benefits of a Philosophical Education Section Two: Philosophy Prepares Students for Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) Section Three: Philosophy Prepares Students for the Graduate Record Exam (GRE). Section Four: Philosophy Prepares Students for the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) Section Five: Other Perspectives on the Value of a Philosophical Education. Section One: General Benefits of a Philosophical Education The curriculum at IUS includes interesting courses in general philosophy, ethics and logic; additional courses in the history of philosophy, and upper level courses in such areas as symbolic logic, philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, theories of knowledge, and bioethics are also offered. Readings center on writings by the great philosophers. The goals of our program are as follows: 1. Comprehension and Interpretation Through the study of philosophy at IUS, students should increase their abilities to understand and to restate accurately in different words positions or arguments with which they initially disagree or which are entirely new to them. Students should also develop the skill of temporary detachment or neutrality so that they are better able to discern the strengths and weaknesses in such positions. 2 2. Analytical Reasoning Students should be able to make distinctions which are helpful for understanding and evaluating complex positions, arguments, or issues. 3. Synthetical Reasoning Students should improve their awareness of the importance of holding coherent and integrated views. They should develop skills in organizing and integrating their ideas in a systematic way. 4. Critical Thinking Students should develop an independence of thought through which they take responsibility for understanding and evaluating ideas in careful, responsible ways. 5. Skills in Evaluation Students should improve their ability to make reasoned judgments on such matters as moral and aesthetic preferences and to present cogent arguments to support their positions. Students should also improve their awareness of the factors that are involved in making sound evaluations. 6. Ethical Reasoning Students should improve their skills in making responsible, rational judgments on issues of moral rightness and wrongness as well as on matters of moral character. Students should be able to make use of classical ethical theories in formulating these judgments. 7. Openness to New Ideas Students should increase their ability to reflect upon their own views and consider whether other positions are stronger. They should be able to make modifications when their own careful thinking indicates that this is appropriate. 8. Improving Skills in Extended Written and Spoken Presentation Students should develop the ability to present comprehensive interpretations and arguments clearly, accurately, and without prejudice in both written and oral forms. 3 9. Understanding Philosophical Reflections on Other Disciplines Students should increase their understanding of basic philosophical issues and theories associated with areas such as social and political theory, science, and religion. 10. Appreciation of the Diversity of Intellectual History Students should gain an increased appreciation of the variety of philosophical reflections, arguments, and positions that have been developed in different ages and contexts. 11. Gaining Knowledge of the Philosophical Tradition The students should have an awareness and understanding of issues and positions that have been prominent in the philosophical tradition. Section Two: Philosophy prepares students for the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) According to data collected by Law School Admissions Council, philosophy majors do better than any other major on the LSAT with the exception of physics/mathematics majors. Whereas philosophy majors have a mean score of 157. 4 on the LSAT, physics/mathematics majors attain a slightly higher mean of 158. 9. Even so, philosophy majors score much higher than business majors (mean: 149. 6) or education majors (mean: 148. 9). 1 The following statements provided by the American Bar Association discuss the specific advantages that philosophy affords students pursuing a career in a law-related profession. †In assessing a prospective law student’s educational qualifications, admissions committees generally consider the chosen curriculum, the grades earned, and the reputation of the colleges attended. They also view favorably scholastic honors, awards, and special recognition. Solid grades in courses such as logic, philosophy, and abstract mathematics are generally considered a plus. [†¦] [L]aw schools will respect your pursuit of subjects you find challenging. This is especially true if the courses you take are known to be more difficult, such as philosophy, engineering, and science. Also, look for courses that will strengthen the skills you need in law school. Classes that stress research and writing are excellent preparation for law school, as are courses that teach reasoning and analytical skills. † – from â€Å"Education,† from The Council on Legal Education and 1 Official Guide to ABA-approved Law Schools 2003-2004, published by the Law school Admissions Council (LSAC). 4 Opportunity, American Bar Association. (whole article available at: http://www. abanet. org/cleo/edu. html) †Preparation for legal education should include substantial experience at close reading and critical analysis of complex textural material, for much of what law students and attorneys do involves careful reading and sophisticated comprehension of judicial opinions, statutes, documents, and other written materials. As with the other skills discussed in this Statement, the requisite critical reading abilities may be acquired in a wide range of experiences, including the close reading of complex material in literature, political or economic theory, philosophy or history. The particular nature of the materials examined is not crucial; what is important is that law school not be the first time that a student has been rigorously engaged in the enterprise of carefully reading and understanding, and critically analyzing, complex written material of substantial length. Potential law students should also be aware that the study and practice of law require the ability to read and assimilate large amounts of material, often in a short period of time. † – from â€Å"Preparation for Legal Education† Prepared by The Pre-Law Committee of The ABA Section of Legal Education and Admission to the Bar, June 1996 (whole article available at: http://www. abanet. org/cleo/edu. html). Section Three: Philosophy prepares students for the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) The GRE is required by most graduate programs in arts, education, engineering, humanities, life science, physical science, and social science. Success on the GRE is an important part of a successful graduate school application. The exam is broken into three main sections: Verbal, Quantitative, and Analytical Writing. As the below statistics make clear, philosophers do extremely well on the GRE. Students declaring an intention to go to graduate school in philosophy have the highest mean scores on the Verbal section of the GRE (mean: 589) of any major. The best score outside of the humanities and arts in this category is physics, with a Verbal mean of 534. Education majors have a mean score of 450, while business majors come in even lower at 446. The story is much the same for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE. Students declaring an intention to go to graduate school in philosophy get the highest mean scores of any major on this section of the GRE (mean: 5. 1). The best score outside of the humanities in this category was political science, with an Analytical Writing mean of 4. 9. Life and physical sciences majors performed more poorly, however, with the highest mean score again going to physics majors (mean: 4.5). Education majors have a mean score of 4. 3, while business majors again come in slightly lower with a mean score of 4. 2. 5 Students declaring an intention to go to graduate school in philosophy score higher on the Quantitative section of the GRE than any of the other humanities. Compare the scores of philosophy students in Quantitative (mean: 636) with religion majors (mean: 583) or foreign language majors (mean: 573), for examples, who are the next best two in the humanities. Not surprisingly, majors in the physical sciences and engineering do better in this area than philosophy students do. But philosophy students do better here than every major in the life sciences and all but one of the majors in social science (economics students do well here, with mean scores of 706 in this area). Philosophy majors do better than all but the banking and finance students in the business area (whose majors get a mean score of 709 in Quantitative). Education majors fare worse than business majors in this area with a mean score of 534. Compare philosophy students’ mean score in Quantitative of 636, however, with accounting majors, who get a mean of 595 in this area. Aren’t they supposed to know math? 2 Section Four: Philosophy Prepares Students for the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) The GMAT is required for students applying to Masters of Business Administration (MBA) programs. Much as with the GRE for other graduate programs, success on the GMAT is an important part of a successful MBA application. Although it may come as some surprise, philosophy prepares students for the GMAT better then a degree in business. Philosophy majors have a mean score of 574 which is higher than any other humanities major and also higher than any business major. Operational management/production majors scored the highest of any business major with a mean of 547. 8. Only physical science and engineering majors scored better than philosophy majors on the GMAT with Physics topping the list with a mean score of 611. So much for thinking that a business major is the best preparation for the GMAT! 3Ã'Ž Section Five: Other Perspectives on the Value of a Philosophical Education The American Philosophical Association (APA) is the main professional organization for philosophers in the United States. They have published an essay by philosopher Robert Audi that provides a brief guide to the discipline. It is aimed at undergraduates and is a must read for any student thinking about majoring in philosophy. 2 Guide to the Graduate Record Examination Program 2005-2006, published by the Education Testing Service. This section updates statistics from the article ‘Philosophy Rocks the Graduate Record Exam,’ (http://www.lclark. edu/~phil/gre. html). 3 Profile of Graduate Admissions Test Candidates (2000-2005), published by the Graduate Management Admissions Council. 6 For a perspective outside of philosophy, see this New York Times article by Carol Cropper on the pay-off of a philosophical education. Likewise, this Times of London article discusses how philosophy is the quintessential modern discipline and the ultimate transferable work skill. Want know what kinds of careers await philosophy majors? See this list of famous philosophy majors. Some of the names might surprise you!

Sms Based Home Appliance Control Information Technology Essay

Sms Based Home Appliance Control Information Technology Essay Security for homes and offices is an important aspect in the modern world; engineers are continuously developing unique security systems that take advantage of todays technology. GSM based zone security system is one of those unique systems that provides security. This system basically works by sending a SMS to a predetermined mobile unit within a GSM network when the security is breached. It can also be logged through a pc or laptop in order to monitor the status of the security. In todays world various types of security systems are being used in homes, offices, cars etc. All of these systems particularly the ones used at homes mainly consist of a motion detector, a siren that triggers when it receives a signal from the motion detector, a battery, a control device and an electronic card. If there is a breach in security the motion detector sends a signal to the electronic card which in turn triggers the siren to provide the warning. This is a disadvantage as these type of warnings can only be heard if there are people present close to the source of the siren and even though some of the security systems provide a warning call to a pre-determined phone (police/security company) using the fixed land line, thieves usually disrupt the phone lines leading to the failure of such security systems. Therefore it is important to remove the afore-mentioned shortcoming and provide a security system that is efficient, affordable and user friendly which can be achieved by taking advantage of the present technological infrastructure and hardware. Project Aim and Objectives The main aim of this project is to design and develop an efficient GSM based zone security system which takes advantage of the existing GSM infrastructure and hardware components that can be used at homes and offices. The project will focus on the following specific objectives:- To develop and enhance a security system that sends the user a SMS when the security is breached. To test the GSM based security system on a simulator. To build a security system that can be logged through a PC or laptop in order to monitor the status of the security. To put forward a security system that will make it difficult to be breached by burglars. To tell the benefits of the GSM based Zone security system compared to the other normal security system. 1.3 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Conceptual Literature According to Phillips (2006) security systems provide important protection against burglary and robbery. They are being relied more and more in the world to prevent theft especially with the current high crime rate. Norman (2007) stated that there are several types of security systems but the one that users today prefer to install at homes and businesses are wireless systems as they do not have the hassle of installing a lot of wires. They are also considered to be one of the easiest of all security alarm systems to operate. Norman (2007) highlighted that the wireless security systems use radio waves to send signals from the sensors to the control panel in order to monitor the activity within the property. The latest wireless security systems also have the ability to send data to outside sources wirelessly by using GSM. According to Fares (2003) GSM which stands for Global systems for mobile communications is basically a cellular network in which mobile phones connect to it by searching cell in the immediate vicinity. In todays world GSM has become one of the most essential items to us as it provides us with a communication channel that enables us to communicate with the world freely. With GSM came the implementation of SMS or text messaging as stated by Poole (2006). Gast (2005) stated that the security systems that work with GSM infrastructure using GSM modem are known as GSM security system. In this system when there is an occurrence of security breach the user is sent a SMS notifying him/her of the security breach. It is a reliable security system but recently Nohl (2009) stated that there are fears that the GSM itself can be breached by cracking the algorithm that is responsible for the protection of the security of the GSM. This has been denied by the GSM association that represents the interests of the worldwide mobile communications industry. They have affirmed that the GSM cannot be breached and that it is not currently possible to crack the algorithm protecting the GSM. According to Norman (2007) GSM security system consists of many other main components such as electromagnetic sensors, PIC microcontrollers, keypad etc. These components make together with the GSM modem make a very effective and reliable security system. 2.2 Related Projects 2.2.1 SMS based Home Appliance Control. This project which was done by Anand kumar 2007 is a GSM based project in which SMS is used to control home appliances. This is done by sending the instruction through SMS which would be received by the microcontroller which then decodes the instruction and after that executes the instruction by switching on the relays attached to its port to control the appliances. In this project 8051 microcontroller was used and for software Keil u-Vision 3.0 and PRO51 programmer software was used. 2.2.2 GSM based Voting Machine This project was done by John Seymour (2009). It is a GSM based project in which registered voters can send their vote through SMS. This achieved by first registering the mobile number of the voter and during that registration they are given a password. So when the user is sending a SMS vote the microcontroller will read the instruction and will first run a check whether it is a registered voter or not, if it is a registered voter then it will ask for the password and verify it. If the password is correct it will accept the vote and send back an SMS acknowledgement to the voter. The microcontroller used is an 89S52 microcontroller. 2.2.3 GSM based Remote Energy Monitoring Meter This project is a GSM based project which was done by Hussain Said (2009). This project uses GSM infrastructure to do remote monitoring and control of the energy meter located at domestic houses. This project is very useful to the Electricity Department as it would enable them to read the meter readings regularly without the need of personnel visiting each house. It basically works by using a microcontroller unit that always monitors and records the meter readings in its memory location.  Ã‚  Then these reading are sent to optimum location set by the Electricity Department. In this project 8051 microcontroller was used and for software Kiel u-Vision 3.0 and PRO51 programmer software was used 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Technical Proposal This project is a combination of hardware and software development. The circuit is first designed and then optimum components are selected and used for the construction of the circuit. A program is developed for the PIC microcontroller. This is done by first writing the program in C programming and then compiling it in MikroC. Several tests are done to make sure that they are all working successfully. After that the hardware development and the software development are combined. Then Visual Basic program is written for interfacing. Then an overall test is done to see if the whole project is working successfully. Block Diagram of the Methodology used in this Project. Start Project Design Circuit Design Develop Program for PIC Test program on PIC Simulator Construct Circuit Troubleshoot Develop VB for Interfacing Combination of Hardware and Software Final Testing Troubleshooting END 3.2 Equipment/ Facilities/ Programs Hardware: Breadboard is used before a prototype is built. It is used for troubleshooting and testing. PCB: The circuit is finally built on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Multimeter was used for measuring voltage, current etc and also for fault finding. GSM modem Software: EAGLE (Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor) software: For Printed Circuit Board drawing MikroC: PIC Simulator Software: To test the program for the PIC microcontroller Visual Basic 3.3 Technical Description 3.3.1 PIC Microcontroller PIC microcontroller stands for Peripheral Interface Controller according to Wilmshurt (2006). The PIC is a popular microcontroller because of several advantages such as: Power consumption PICs have much lower power consumption at 5V. Clock It has more accurate calibrated oscillators which help it have precise timing thus making the design more stable and efficient. Availability It is widely available. Programming The PIC microcontroller can be easily reprogrammed. Pin direction Most of the PIC microcontroller pins are flexible as they can be set as an input or and output thus making the design of the circuit easier. 3.3.2 Electromagnetic sensors C:UsersKHALEDPicturesPhoto0289.jpg Figure 2.17: Electromagnetic sensor: The magnetic sensor on the left and the magnet on the right Electromagnetic sensors are usually used on doors and in a security system they are an integral part as stated by Norman (2007). They work by sensing the movement of the doors and windows magnetically. The magnetic sensors are small in size and consist of 1 magnet and 1 magnetic sensor. Phillips (2006) stated that the magnet is placed so that the magnet and magnetic sensor are in a position to be parallel to each other. So that when the signal that is between them is interrupted the magnetic the switch is tripped and immediately it sounds the alarm . 3.3.3 Keypad Figure 2.14: 4ÃÆ'-4 matrix keypad modules A matrix keypad is used to provide a simple data entry device for microcontroller systems. Their design is that the keys are connected in rows and columns, so that when a button is pressed a row and a column are connected. In order to read the keypad, each row is set low in turn and the state of the inputs is tested. If no button is pressed, all the inputs remain high. During the operation the rows and the columns of the keypad will be scan continuously by the microcontroller. When a key is being operated, a low on that row is detected on the column input for that key, which allows a corresponding code to be generated. 3.3.4 RS 232 RS 232 is an electrical signaling specification which is also known as signal port is used as the gateway for data transmissions 232 comes in 9 pins which have its own specific pin assignments. There are two types of RS 232 which is male (DB9M) and female (DB9F). Figure 2.11: The serial port overview Table 2.12: The definition of each serial port pins In this project only three pins are used. Pin 2 and PIN 3 is used to receive and transmit signal with the circuit. So Pin 5 will be uses as ground. 3.3.5 GSM modem A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works within a GSM wireless network according to Fares (2003) and he also states that the behavior of dial up modem is the same as a wireless modem. The only difference is that a dial up modem uses a fixed telephone line to transmit and receive data while a wireless modem transmits and receives data through radio waves. A GSM modem needs a SIM card in order to operate. The GSM modem available in 2 types External wireless modem It is connected to the computer or a laptop a serial cable or USB cable. PC card/PCMCIA card Its designed for laptops as it is slotted in a particular card slot built in the laptop. Figure 2.19 shown the main blocks and communication principle of a wireless system using the SIEMEINS C35i GSM modem. Figure 2.19: Main blocks in communication modem and the microcontroller. 3.3.6 AT command An AT command is simply a set of instructions used to control a modem it the short form for Attention. Each command line starts with AT or at. A common set of standard AT commands are supported by GSM and dial up modems but the GSM modems support a more extended set of AT commands. In order to send, read, write and delete SMS message. We can use For example AT+CMGS (send command), AT+CMGR (read command), AT+CMGW (write command) and AT+CMGD (delete command) . Using the above mentioned commands the modem can do :-: Reading, writing and deleting SMS message. Sending SMS message Monitoring the signal strength 3.3.7 SMS SMS which is a short form for Short Message Service is used to receiving and sending message in between the mobile phone. Fares (2003) stated that since the development of SMS it has become a very successful wireless carrier because SMS message can be sent and ready at any time. SMS message are supported 100% GSM mobile phones and they can be exchanged between different wireless carriers. SMS is a suitable technology for wireless application. The application of SMS is virtually limitless today as they are always being associated with embedded system to increase its utilization. Examples of SMS application are:- Person-person text message Delivery and notification message Used in remote system monitoring application. 3.3.8 MikroC Software MikroC is a software programming program which used by the people in order to program and compile microcontroller. Figure 3.3: MikroC with C programming After created the program compile it by click the BUILD icon from the project toolbar. Figure 3.5: After compilation successful 3.3.9 EAGLE EAGLE also known as Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor is draw schematic for PCB layout. One of the main reason that EAGLE is better in drawing schematic than any other software is that it has a comprehensive component library so this helps save time as there is less need to draw up the components. The auto route function of EAGLE is also good. Figure 3.6: Schematic drawing window Figure 3.7: Placing components net Figure 3.9: Wire up components Figure 3.10: Switch from schematic to board Route toolbar Figure 3.11: Routing toolbar 4 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Overall Circuit Schematic Diagram Figure 3.01: The Full Circuit Diagram of the GSM Zone based Security System Figure 3.01 shows the overall schematic diagram of GSM Zone based intruder system. The system hardware is divided into few parts for a better explanation. They are Microcontroller (PIC16F877A) Power Supply module, Serial port communications and LCD. 4.1.1 PIC 16F877P Figure 3.02: The microcontroller and LCD implementation As shown in Figure 3.02 the PIC Microcontroller 16F877P was chosen because of its software support availability, low cost and high feature count. For a reset button a push button is connected to MCLR# pin anything happens during the operation. When the PIC is ON and the MCLR# pin is connected to ground RESET occurs. A 4MHz oscillator is used which is widely popular in PIC circuits due to the importance of timing and clocking. Capacitor C3 and C4 is used to filter the oscillator signal. The resistor R11 is used for current limiting. The complete pin allocation shown in table 3.03. PIN NUM. PIN NAME CONNECTION 1 MCLR Connected to reset switch and Vcc (+5V) 2 RA0 ZONE 1 3 RA1 ZONE 2 4 RA2 ZONE 3 5 RA3 ZONE 4 6 RA4 7 RA5 8 RE0 Connected to Buzzer 9 RE1 Connected to Buzzer 10 RE2 11 VDD Vcc (+5V) 12 GND Ground 13 OSC1 Connected to 4MHz Oscillator 14 OSC2 Connected to 4MHz Oscillator 15 RC0 ZONE 5 16 RC1 ZONE 2 17 RC2 ZONE 7 18 RC3 ZONE 8 19 RD0 Connected to LCD pin 11 20 RD1 Connected to LCD pin 12 21 RD2 Connected to LCD pin 13 22 RD3 Connected to LCD pin 14 23 RC4 24 RC5 25 RC6 Connected to MAX 232 26 RC7 Connected to MAX 232 27 RD4 Connected to LCD pin 4 28 RD5 Connected to LCD pin 6 29 RD6 30 RD7 Connected to output 31 VSS Connected to ground 32 VDD Connected to VCC (+5V) 33 RB0 Connected to Keypad pin 1 34 RB1 Connected to Keypad pin 2 35 RB2 Connected to Keypad pin 3 36 RB3 Connected to Keypad pin 4 37 RB4 Connected to Keypad pin 5 38 RB5 Connected to Keypad pin 6 39 RB6 Connected to Keypad pin 7 40 RB7 Connected to Keypad pin 8 Table 3.03: The PIC16F877P pin allocation 4.1.2 Power supply module Figure 3.04: Voltage regulator used in system Designing a power supply module will be more complex and heavy as it consist of a step down transformer. By considering the fact, the required input voltage is supplied directly from a 9V battery. The figure 3.04 is the voltage regulator LM 7805 used to regulate the 9V input voltage from the battery. The 9V voltage will be step down and regulate to 5V.The output obtain from this power supply circuit are 9V (V+) and 5V (Vcc) DC voltage. These voltages value are based on the requirement of each module especially PIC 16F877P.The capacitor 220 µF is a bypass capacitor used for filtering the regulated voltage. The output voltage of this module will be supplied to PIC 16F877P, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and MAX 232. 4.1.3 Serial Port communication Figure 3.05: The serial port communication component In the serial port communication shown above, MAX 232 is connected in between modem and the circuit to work as buffer .It works by shifting the signal voltage level according to the requirement. The connection is figure above are based on the datasheet. The serial port pin 3(Tx) in RS 232 is connected with MAX 232 T1 OUTPUT which is pin 14.This connection is used to transmit data from modem to microcontroller. Hence the serial port pin 2(Rx) in RS 232 is connected with MAX 232 R1 IN input pin 13.The purpose of connection is for receiving data from microcontroller to modem. The capacitors are chosen as 10 µF and not 1 µF as stated in datasheet because the value worked well when testing was done. 4.1.4 LCD Figure 3.06: The LCD used in the system The LCD is used to display the status of the GSM Zone based Security System. The type of LCD used is a 16 character line length in two line version JHD162A series LCD, which conform to a standard interface specification. Pins 1 and 2 are the power supply lines, whereby pin 1 is connected to ground and pin 2 to Vcc (+5V). Pin 3 is a control pin, which is used to alter the contrast of the display. This pin is connected to a variable resistor to alter the contrast by altering the resistance value. Pin 4 is the register select (RS line) connected to pin 27 of PIC 16F877P .Pin5 which will be the Read/Write line is connected with pin 3 of LCD itself. Where else the pin 6 which function as enable line connected to pin 28 of PIC 16F877P.The data line pin 11 to 14 of LCD is connected with pin 19,pin20,pin21 and pin 22 of PIC 16F877P. 4.1.5 Relay Figure 3.07: Relay used in the system Relay are devices which allow low power circuits to control the high circuits or instruments. Figure 3.07 shows the basic relay driver circuits used in GSM Zone based Security System. A 9V DC voltage been feed through the coil. A NPN BC547 transistor is being used to control the relay. The transistor is turn ON when the signal is feed through the pin 30 of the PIC. Once the transistor turns ON it will turn ON the relay. A diode IN4148 is connected across the relay coil to protect the transistor. 4.1.6 Software Architecture The PIC used in the system is programmed by using the C language. C language is one of the several programmer language commonly used to create a list of instruction to control the system. Figure 3.08 shows the flow of the constructed program in this project. As what has been discussed in chapter 2.3 the C language need to go through the compiling stage before being stored in the PIC. The MIKRO C compiler is used to compile the program of the system. Hence, the compiled program will be stored in PIC by using the PIC KIT 2 programmer. The compiling and storing process will be show in detail in appendices. Figure 3.08: Flow of the program in the intruder system 4.1.6 PCB Schematic Layout Fig 4.3.1 PCB Schematic Layout

Human Nature In The War Of The Worlds

Human Nature In The War Of The Worlds Explore the theme of humanity under threat in H.G Wells The War of the Worlds. In H.G Wells The War of the Worlds, the Martian invaders view mans culture and society with less regard than a man would the itch from a flea. Wells depicts mans insignificance in the workings of unfathomable Martian intentions; It was never a war, any more than theres a war between men and ants. (Wells, H.G, The War of the Worlds. Penguin Books Ltd: 80 Strand, London WC 2 R ORL, England, 2005. Ch 7, p.152). The human response to the invasion is at first confused and at times disturbingly complacent. Wells shows us a Darwinian influenced pattern that pervades throughout humanity and suggests that humans as a species are just clever animals. He challenges the Christian view that man has a special place in the universe and dominion over the earth. The fact that it is bacteria, the lowest form of life, which defeats the invaders and saves humanity, is simply pure chance. This further suggests that all life is a consequence of chance and backs up the Darwinian standpoint. Humanity is exposed as just another manifestation of life, and humans are no more important in the greater scheme of things than the very lowest form of life, represented here by bacteria. Wells does this by presenting humanity under the threat of extinction as no more important than an ant hill under threat from man. (Ch 7, p.152). At first the people of Horsell Common dont know what to make of the cylinder from Mars or its occupants. A feeling of excitement infects the crowd as the cylinder is unscrewing. The invaders are successful in preparing their attack due in part to the peoples hesitation in acting; this uncertainty leads to many deaths by the invaders. It is only when the Martians first emerge from the cylinder that any sense of fear can be detected. Fear compels the narrator to run and deny rescue to the shopkeeper still trapped in the pit; I had a momentary impulse to go back and help him that my fears overruled. (Ch 4, p.22). His humanity in this case is to preserve himself at the expense of his fellow man. Wells lays bare our animal nature in this chapter and how we, like many creatures, rely on our baser instincts for self protection. He uses the fear of the narrator to good effect showing it as a survival mechanism which influences his actions. The invaders are responded to by many, as any other invading army would be, and their intentions are assumed to be, very human ones. Mans very understanding of the situation is demonstrated as just another prime mover in his own demise, Did they grasp that we in our millions were organised, disciplined, working together? Or did they interpret our spurts of fire, the sudden stinging of our shells (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) as we should the furious unanimity of onslaught in a disturbed hive of bees? (Ch 15, p.86). Wells draws distinction between mans perceived place in the universe and its actual place, revealed by virtue of the Martian extermination process. As a further illustration of the futility of mans world view the narrator describes the war-fever that spreads through a community under threat; [It] had got into my blood (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) I can best express my state of mind by saying that I wanted to be in at the death. (Ch 10, p.44). The narrators assumption that the Martians can be defeated by military means highlights his level of ignorance, which subsequently influences his interpretation of the first tripod when he encounters it. His lack of familiarity also fuels his fascination and his failure to react when self-preservation dictates that he should flee. In this chapter Wells demonstrates the narrators inability to comprehend something that he is not previously familiar with; At first I took it for the wet roof of a house. His incomprehension puts emphasis on the weirdness of the object and his unawareness of the situation. The tripod is so unfamiliar that at first he cannot comprehend what it is. His negligence to immediate ly turn and escape in the opposite direction seems illogical but is understood, due to his flawed perception of the tripod and ultimately shows mans flawed perception of themselves in relation to the wider universe. That is, man is no longer at the centre of all worlds. Wells show us this flawed perception itself is deep rooted in our unilateral experience as a species and can therefore hinder effective action when faced with something previously unknown. Incomprehension soon gives way to terror as the tripod is finally revealed; clear and sharp and bright. (Ch 10, p.46). In the few moments it takes him to realise the tripod for what it is, the horror of the situation is revealed to the reader and the technological superiority of the Martians is made known. Wells suggests that extinction of our species either by our own hand or that of an outside force is in fact a possibility; we can never anticipate the unseen good or evil that may come upon us suddenly out of space. (Ch 10 p.179). In his novel, Wells is asking the reader to re-evaluate our importance as a species in the greater scheme of things. However, taking this as a standpoint we can examine the significance of the bacteria and the reason why the invaders were defeated; in all the bodies of the Martians that were examined after the war, no bacteria except those already known as terrestrial species were found. (Ch 10 p.177). The Martians had presumably advanced to a level of technology where they had eradicated all bacteria on their home world. (Ch 10). Physically they were poor adversaries, only their technology made them impressive. It could be argued here that Wells book teaches us a moral lesson; that the quest for knowledge, represented by the Martians technology, can lead to downfall. Interestingly, to illustrate this idea Wells uses a Christian parable, that of Adams temptation in the Garden of Eden as written in the book of Genesis. Adam ate from the tree of knowledge because he wanted to understand the universe as God did. This caused him to be separated from God and with that he suffered his fate. This causes t he reader to ask why Wells would draw this parallel with Christian dogma considering his opinion of humanity from a Darwinian standpoint. A possible conclusion from this is that Wells is not saying there is no God, but rather the exact opposite; that life itself is a supreme force, represented in his novel by the bacteria that defeats the Martians. Is Wells alluding to a different kind of God, a supreme life-force which permeates itself throughout the universe and gives rise in turn to all other conceivable life forms? Wells may be saying yes, there is no Christian God, man has no significance and life is meaningless. But he may also be saying that life itself is the manifestation of a supreme force. And that separation from this life-force through pursuit of knowledge could spell disaster for our own species as it did in the case of the Martian invaders. War of the Worlds, although classified as a sci-fi novel, could in many ways be seen as an old fashioned morality tale, in this case warning humanity to be careful of our pursuit of technology and knowledge, lest we lose our very soul. Wells shows us that extinction of our species can and may happen at some stage in the future and that our view of who we are and our perceptions of the wider universe may affect our survival in such an instance. He does this by exploring of the theme of humanity under threat in The War of the Worlds.

Theme Of Grapes Of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers

The Journey Theme of The Grapes of Wrath   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Classic novel The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck displays in his writing many different and interconnected themes. The main idea of the novel can be interpreted many different ways through many of the different actions and characters throughout the novel. In the first chapter of the novel, Steinbeck describes the dust bowl and foreshadows the theme:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The men came were silent and they did not move often. And the women   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  came out of the houses to stand beside their men-to feel whether this   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  time the men would break. As a theme, Steinbeck wanted the reader to see that humanity is on a journey, and for good or bad humanity continues to move ahead. Along with journey come changes, another important idea in the novel, which correlates directly with the main theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journey is the main idea in the beginning of the novel when Tom Joad first gets out of prison and is looking for a ride home. Walking home he spots a turtle. Lying on the highway, missed by a car, hit by a truck, the turtle still struggles to continue his own journey towards the southwest. So already in the novel, two journeys are taking place, one a man’s journey and the other, nature’s journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Change is evident as an idea in the novel when Tom is reunited with his childhood preache...

School Dicipline :: essays papers

School Dicipline With a closer look into our educational system, it is clear that students are causing more trouble in schools today because of the lack of discipline. Many Americans believe that zero tolerance and possibly corporal punishment are ridiculous and even to an extent, a form of abuse. In reality, these policies, if enforced properly, could be the solution to the growing discipline problems in our schools today. Already, there have been too many injuries and deaths of students in schools. Physical fighting and the possession of weapons in schools need to be banned and more seriously dealt with. Some people believe that strict zero tolerance policies and corporal punishment in schools would reinforce a fear of the consequences, which would bring the students to think a little harder before inflicting such irresponsible acts upon others. I am interested in this issue because I believe that greater discipline in schools will decrease the student violence and the growing crime rate. School dropout rates have been continuously increasing for a long time. This may be a result of innocent students being mentally and physically bullied in schools. I would like to see young teenagers enjoy their education and to leave high school with a firm foundation for college and soaring dreams for their futures. I am sure that all parents desire success and the best in everything for their children. I understand that students do not enjoy serving the consequences of discipline, but I do believe it is the best way to settle the matter of school violence and the student attitude problems towards teachers and other authorities. More discipline in schools may reduce the crime, violence, and vandalism in the schools so that the students can better focus on their schoolwork. Parents are concerned with their children graduating from school. If there is not enough discipline, it is possible that some students who want to learn and be educated, may be kept from schools due to the fear of violence they may face. I know that students will disagree with policies of stricter school policies concerning discipline, but I believe that greater discipline is a logical step in the right direction.

Death in the Woods, by Sherwood Anderson :: essays research papers

The story â€Å"Death in the Woods†, written by Sherwood Anderson, is a story told by a man who has told it one to many times. As a young boy in a small town he notices an older women named Grimes, who he will tell us the story about. She was the type of person that nobody noticed in town. She led a quite life and never really talked to anyone other then the butcher. The narrator then goes on to describe how she meets her husband Jack Grimes. He was a tough guy that she meets while working for an abusive German farmer. The narrator tells you a long story about how he helps her from getting way from the abusive German. They bonded after a few incidents and then got married. They had a few boys and started their own farm where just like before she fed the animals, just as she did for the German. Her husband tried to socialize with the town people but it did not work out. He then rebelled by stealing their horses. He even threatened to fight them after they would not make conversation with him. This maybe a good reason why one of his sons had been put in jail already, setting a real good example. Their family, the Grimes used to own a saw mill but, it fell through in the last couple of years so all of their money was gone which forced them to all to have to work hard. The young man narrating then tells us about his encounter with the elderly woman. One cold winter day she made her way to town to go the store. She went to butcher, ironically she and the butcher were social with each other and he gave her some extra food. On her way back through the woods she stopped for a minute to rest due the heavy bag. She feels asleep and did not wake up. She froze to death. Her dogs did find here and eat their food from her bag. This is very ironic because all she did was feed animals all her life. She did at the German’s farm, her farm/family and the dogs and now she is dead because of it. In story the young man describes how he arrived with the other men from town when they found her. He saw her frozen and dead.

Who benefits from take over resistance tactics

Who benefits from take over resistance tactics? According to the finance literature, a takeover is a process whereby a firm acquires another firm, resulting in a change of the controlling interest of the acquired firm. Takeovers can occur through acquisitions, proxy contests and going-private transactions. They can be friendly when the management of the target firm is receptive to the bidder offer or they can be hostile when target firm managers resist takeover attempts by using defensive tactics. According to Ross et al (2010), takeovers can result in change of firm policies, layoffs, terminations, or overhaul of business operations.To analyze who benefits from a takeover resistance tactic, we should first examine the reasons or motivations of the defensive tactic by target firm managers. According to Ruback (1987), managers resist takeovers for the following reasons: Managers believe that firm has hidden values, this is due to the private information they have about the firms futur e prospects that is not available to the public and when managers assess the takeover bid by comparing the offer price with what they believe is the fair value of the firm (incorporating the private information) and the offer price turns out to be less, managers will oppose the offer.Managers believe the resistance will increase offer price, therefore, their attempt to resist slows the bid and create opportunity to an increase of the tender offer as the bidder after an initial unsuccessful friend offer, tries to buy through a tender offer and if not successful, try the auction for the firm. According to Ruback (1983) cited in Ruback (1987), the final offer price exceeded the initial offer price by 23% in 48 competitive tender offers between 1962-81.Managers may want to preserve their Jobs and positions, especially when they are ware that the bidder intends to replace the target firm's management. Target firm managers use a variety of defensive tactics to avoid takeovers, from alteri ng the terms of directors where managers amend charters of the firm to make takeovers more difficult; golden parachutes related to severance packages payable to managers in the event of takeover, increasing the cost of acquisition; poison pills provision that are deterrent to the acquirer diluting for example the acquirers share in the firm.Other tactics after the company in in play include greenmail and standstill agreement, white knight and white squire, recapitalization and repurchases where managers issue debt to repurchase shares aising the market share price, making it less attractive to the bidder; exclusionary self-tenders and asset restructuring. These tactics are built by management for self- protection reasons, being severe, (blocking takeovers) or soft tactics with no substantial impact on the offer price.However, empirical evidence shows that although manager's defensive tactics may sometime rarely shareholders by increasing wealth, in general, these tactics do not have a positive impact in the share price of the target firm. According to DeAnglelo and Rice (1983) cited in Ruback (1987. p56-57), they found no evidence of share price reaction to adoption of orporate charters amendment when analyzing 53 firms using staggered boards as well as the ettect ot super majority provision. Ho ( 6) cited in Ruback 7), tound no evidence of existence of abnormal return for a sample of 23 poison pills.This conclusion is also consistent with findings of Kidder, Peabody and Company for a sample of 167 poison pills where no stock price change was observed. Evidence by Dann and DeAngelo (1983) proves that there is a negative stock price reaction with the use of standstill agreements by -4% whereas, greenmails, cause a negative stock reaction of -3%. Dann and DeAngelo (1986) cited in Ruback (1987), analyzed 20 transactions where they found that acquisitions and divestitures, reduce by 2% the share price of the target firm. In general, empirical evidence supports the idea that manager's defensive tactics are harmful to the target firm value.For example, Bates et al (2012) reported that Microsoft Corporation offered USD 47 billion to Yahoo in 2008, a premium above 60% however; this offer was rejected by Yahoo executives. Following Microsoft's withdrawal of the acquisition bid, Yahoo's shares dropped by 1 5%; the CEO of Yahoo was later replaced for this costly and selfish behavior. According to Bradley et al (1988) cited in Devos (2009), companies merge to benefit from synergies. For a sample of 236 successful tender offers from 1963-1884, they noted that the equity value for the combined firms increased by 7,4% in average.Synergy is when the combined firm value exceeds the value of the acquirer and acquired firm before the acquisition. Therefore, synergy is attached to the incremental cash flows, coming from revenue enhancement, cost reduction, tax gains and reduced capital requirements. According to Brealey (2003), acquisitions can happen in th ree basic forms, merger or consolidation, acquisition of stock and cquisition of assets. The merger is the incorporation of assets and liabilities of one firm by another and the acquirer maintains its name whereas the acquired firm ceases to exist.The main advantage of this method over others rely on the minimum costs incurred on mergers as they do not require the transfer of title deed of individual assets of the acquired firm to the acquiring firm which is costly provided that the merger is approved. In addition, in the transfer of assets form according to Ross et al (2010), minority shareholders often cause problems to the majority shareholders. The acquisition of stock as we saw above, can be costly to the bidder because of the defensive tactics used by the target firm managers as an attempt to avoid the takeover.Therefore, the outcome aimed by the acquiring firm may not be achieved as the tender price may be pushed us, above the real market value of the acquired firm.

Soc/100 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Media Analysis

typic Interactionist Perspective Media Analysis Amy SOC/100 November 7, 2011 Robert Murray symbolical Interactionist Perspective Media Analysis The show I chose is called The Big Bang Theory. The show is a comedy show themed around a group of drudgeryy scientists who are neighbors with a good-looking outgoing waitress. One of the pulverizations has a amative interest in the neighbor further gauges he has no chance with her as she is out of his league. at that place is definite neighborly inequality here as the nerds interpret themselves below the neighbors military position in regards to races and finding love.Some scenes that fall in to the social theme are when you hitch all the nerds at work it is recognize that they are in the science field. There are microscopes, periodic tables, beakers, and math equations on chalk and dry erase boards. The nerds defiantly dress the part of the nerd. One wears inscrutable black rimmed glasses, an opposite is tall, skinny, and we ars his t-shirts shut in into his pants. One of the nerds is from India and catchms timid and does not run out to whatever feminine counterpart, or any other female for that matter.The last nerd has a bowl haircut and it seems he tries excessively hard to fit in with a crowd he will never fit into. He wears leopard silk pajamas to bed and has a bowl haircut. There is defiantly a leader of the group as the other nerds follow him around and he seems to do a bigger portion of the talk. The female neighbor is actually confident in the way she walks and dresses at times a bit provocatively. When the neighbor is around the nerd with the glasses tends to lend nervous and a bit looser in his posture.He well-nigh seems to cower to her, almost as if to obliterate from her when she is in a room. He intelligibly adores her with the way he looks at her when she is around. He does talk to her however she tends to dominate the conversations. He seems to enjoy being around her and talki ng to her even though he is very nervous. The female neighbor also amazingly seems to enjoy talking to the nerd in the glasses as she isnt as closed off to him as she is with the others. She looks at him when he talks to her and she isnt pass her arms or turning external from him.It seems though that they do not string up out socially outside of their apartment building except for the times the nerds prey at the restaurant the neighbor works at. In some of the situations I see the nerd with the glasses and the neighbor it leads me to deliberate that something romantic will happen eventually. I look at when race look at relationships they tend to think each of the individuals as equals socially. Most people seem to think that couples come from the same social circles and it is not often you would see a youthful well-favored woman with a shy science nerd.The same goes for order an elder man or woman with a younger person. Many people would say its inappropriate for older people to date those younger than them, while others think opposites attract. So when it comes to the science nerd and the beautiful neighbor I hope they get the chance to have a relationship with each other, maybe it will consume them out of their norm and give them a chance to experience something new. Things would be elegant boring if we were all the same and people didnt shake things up a bit

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Women and men use stereotypes to create sense of the planet.† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, logical and discrimination, para 1). Prejudice is a negative belief or feeling (attitude) about a particular group of individuals. Prejudices can be passed on from one generation to the next.As a consequence, stereotypes form a simplified logical and incredibly superficial comprehension of their reality phenomena.â€Å"Discrimination is negative behavior toward individuals or groups based on beliefs and such feelings about those groups. A group you are a part of is called your ingroup. Ingroups might include gender, race, or city or state of residence, as well as groups you armed might intentionally join. A group you are not a part of is called your outgroup.

There are just twenty two minor kinds of discrimination.The world was a changing place; many times, we saw and heard prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination at its worst. Unfortunately, we are seeing the same types of prejudices, stereotyping, and discrimination going on today; especially since the â€Å"9-11† attacks and with the â€Å"Occupy or 99%† movement going on today. Social identities depend on the groups to which people belong.Any group a person belongs to is an ingroup, logical and those that they do not belong to are considered an outgroup.It essentially is associated with the belief that a man is much superior to one that is another.And outgroup homogeneity bias blinds us to the differences within the outgroup. † (Feenstra, 6. 1 Social Cognitive origins of prejudice and stereotypes, para 2). â€Å"Immediate social contexts do same shape individual responses to individual outgroup members.

Prejudice doesnt rely with people.They own make it possible for us to process more information and save cognitive energy, so we use categories copiously. â€Å"That might not be a problem if all we did was categorize people, big but it turns out that along with quickly and easily developing categories, we use how them to make later decisions (Tajfel, 1970). † (Feenstra, 2011, 6. 2 Categorization, para.It contributes to discrimination.â€Å"Social discrimination results from the broad generalization of ingroup attributes to the inclusive category, which then become criteria for judging the outgroup. Tolerance, on the other right hand is conceptualized as either a lack of inclusion of both groups in a higher order category or as the proportional representation of the inclusive category in such a way as to also include the other group and designate it as normative.† (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999, P. 158).

It could be spread by the use of propaganda.d. , P. 10). Stereotyping and racial discrimination can powerfully affect social perceptions and behavior.Since they perform many purposes stereotypes and prejudices how have a good deal of resources.d. , P. 19).Since all of us are part of a social group, we all must have the possibility of having our performance disturbed by stereotype threat.

Competition for funds may additionally fresh produce bias.d. , P. 11). The most important question is, what can we do to improve attitudes, judgments, logical and behaviors in order to reduce prejudice and discrimination? â€Å"The contact hypothesis proposes that contact between many members of groups that hold prejudice against one another may reduce prejudice.Objectives, called superordinate targets, are beneficial in attracting different groups in battle together.Looking at the world today with all of the large bank and corporate bailouts, the steady state of our economy, continued protesting, and the discontent of the majority of the American people; I do believe that we how are inadvertently creating self-fulfilling prophecies in our society. In Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, Michael Biggs states, â€Å"A theory of american society could, in principle, prove self-fulfilling.Marxism predicts that capitalism is fated to end in revolution; if many people believe in the theory , then they could forment revolution (Biggs, 2009). † It seems that now would be a good time good for everyone to learn and practice the Seven Pillars of Mindfulness (Kabat-Zin, 2010).

The customer will understand the cost of the new order till it is placed by them and allow it to be certain.6 Conclusion). References Biggs. M. (2009).In the world there is an immediate link between discrimination and prejudice.uk/~sfos0060/prophecies. pdf Feenstra, J. (2011). Introduction to social psychology.

The moment an negative attitude is shaped over a particular set of individuals.Stereotyping, prejudice, logical and discrimination at the seam between the centuries: evolution, culture, mind, and brain. European new Journal of Social Psychology (30), 299-322. Retrieved from http://www2. psych.Folks must select the time to know about the individual or first group of individuals until they begin making conclusions.Mindful Attitudes. Retrieved from http://mindfulworkshops. com/? tag=non-judging. Mummendey A.

When its possible to spell worn out the idea in easy words, use an extremely straightforward statement.3, No. 2, 158-174. Retrieved from http://dtserv2. compsy.Three other theorists ideas play a important part in the movie.(n. d. ). The psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: An overview.

In non violence issues resulting In this, and at times crime, aroused.Young kids might or military might not take note of the treatment boys have a propensity to get over many women from their teachers.What might be a history of the individual to an summary of the, likewise.Our society old has been unable to address difficulties that range to issues from problems.

Nursing and American Nurses Association Essay

secernate the interpretation of superintend for as perplex in advance by the American Nurses knowledge. How does it woo the metaparadigm theories of treat? agree to the American Nurses Association (ANA), the commentary of breast feeding is the protection, promotion, and optimization of wellness and abilities, bar of indisposition and injury, relief of pitiful by the diagnosis and interference of charitable response, and advocacy in the c atomic number 18 of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Metaparadigm theories of treat consists of theories that soak up the quartet interrelate inventions, which are persons, milieu, wellness and ailment, and nurse. Persons are the recipients of nurse veneration and take on individuals, families, and communities. milieu refers to the purlieu of the client, familiar factors poignant the client, and the scene where treat cautiousness is delivered.wellness and infirmity get a line the client s evoke of benefit. nurse refers to the actions taken when providing parcel out to a patient. ANAs interpretation of nurse has entangle triadsome of the iv impressionions that unclutter up the metaparadigm theories of breast feeding. Its exposition potently emphasizes the concept of nursing. It listed umpteen functions that nurses behave much(prenominal) as protecting, promoting, optimization of wellness and somatic abilities, preventing unhealthiness and injury, alleviating detriment, and advocating for patients (ANA website, n.d.). every last(predicate) these nursing actions are link to the business organization of wellness and illness, which is the split second concept of the metapardigm theories of nursing.The ANAs comment of nursing describes in more(prenominal) circumstance the concept of health and illness in price of health, abilities, illness, and injury. These natural conditions expunge the subject of well-being and may bestow to integ ritys take in suffering and shun responses (ANA website n.d.). Persons is the ternary concept. check to the ANA translation of nursing, persons include individuals, families, communities, and populations that engender nursing cover. The one-fourth concept is environment. It is this instant cerebrate to the otherwise three concepts mentioned above. The environment is the milieu or the settings in which nursing care is delivered and includes the in the hospital, home, theater, etc