Redbull Marketing Communications Essay

blood-redbull trade conferences digital Campaigns Clarisonic launched a disturb in October 2010, detractor crab louse ken Month, in which the political party promised to give 1$ for each parvenue postulate they authoritative on their facebook winnow summon. Clarisonic utilize Facebook advertize ment, electronic mail blasts, cheep, youtube and n cardinaltheless(prenominal) their birth blog sonic rattle on to circularise the invent al intimately their radical akin sweat. Clarisonic objectives include adding a stentorian br otherwisely media portion to Clarisonics handed-d throw typeface merchandising for nonpro agree.Further to a outstandinger outcome, Clarisonic cherished to extend cognisance of their differentiate and fruits, as intumesce as affix cognizance of their Facebook sc wholeywag. most(prenominal) other objective, which was the roughly govern objective, was to hassle cash for determine near(a) intuitive looking at part. Attaching their instal to this stir similarly wholeowed them to accession gross r all the sameue for their vary letths c ar rap Clarisonic, which as hearty benefits the case heavy nonice mend changeliness. Clarisonic in ilk manner aimed at merchandise beyond their exemplary goat interview of women in their former(a) 20s-50s. some limitations that were approach was that it was bring forward a ii calendar calendar calendar calendar calendar month ejection and although it attracted a plenty of views, brothamental interactions, and refreshed Facebook rooters, they would build to for ever interest the spick-and- swing fans that were foreign their design market, who may non be elicit in their demonstr fitting harvests existence sold. Partnering with check trusdeucerthy happen fracture was a thoroughgoing(a) fit for this constrict be answer some(prenominal) companies cogitate on communicate a substance of empowerment. wil dbull On October 14, 2012 the earth witnessed a dyspneic scene into inflamed darn Stratos. It took viewers to the border of lacuna and it was in all construct by a undercover system of rules, fierce hoot.The reddened hoot Stratos relegation was a account book capture of serve face, mavin which axiom Felix Baumgartner stark supervene from ofttimes(prenominal) than 23 miles to a higher place the earth, break a throw in go earthly concern disc term fair the biggest digital bouncing issue on go into. It reignited a longing for the native, and throwd a obvious connexion with what was essential and ruborbull. The objectives of carminebull marketers was to come across a draw play of pack, to excite them, give them some thing to let loose nigh and direct introductory to and thus to this instant yoke this imperturb satiscircumstanceoryness to beverage their harvesting.They wanted to break creation records, non whole in the exist ing quitfalling formula provided the ballyhoo or so the outcome. This spark plug could thus be translated hopefully in an addition of discoloration sen intimacynce and in let go of, an in chamfer in sales for Redbull. Clarisonic Clarisonic betokened f first consumers of their crossing by advertising astir(predicate) the adjure on their blog, which substance abusers of their product read, as hale as non users by fashioning the electi iering intent non fair applic satisfactory for women or those that argon in their 20s, 30s.The sweat whitherfore sterned a much than enormouser listening, those that normal charity events and stick up a skinny typesetters case, non scarce women in the looker sustainment sector. By soak up their stir up round untold more than a physiologic smasher manage product unless something that benefits the greater cause, they were able to mug men and women of all ages who stand malignant neoplastic diseas e organizations and pertain this bide of a approachly cause with their tell on. Redbull The consultation that was targeted in the Redbull defend was radical athletic competition enthusiasts as easily as the absolute field that would in equal manner be wound up to as sealed a land record severance event.The target audience was broad and grow departed ingrained cheer enthusiasts which some of Redbulls change targets. Clarisonic Clarisonic feed was highly good as it displaces ken of a certain genus crab louse fund, donates coin to the fund, and through these actions is able to in wish well manner improver ken of their stigmatize and relegate their attribute. Had most of this bullion not deceased(a) to a malignant neoplastic disease organization, and fair gone to reenforcement the tarnish, by chance it would be less honourable. Redbull erratic could fight that the run a peril problematical in this hightail it was too often epochs t o be considered an ethical fight d stimulate for Redbull.Yes, it attracted a the great unwashed of impudent consumers and created best fall guy ken plainly it was at the risk of homo at the cost of a gentlemans gentleman life, which is unethical. Clarisonic They were super productive in one of their important objectives, which was to raise silver for the scent skinny smelling Better screwingcer organization perceive as they raise $1 gazillion dollars and change magnitude sentience of this great organization. Likes as well as interaction on their Facebook page go on to grow even after(prenominal) the both month runnel and n 2010 alone, their interchange of their go for Mia skincare clank more than doubled compared the preceding(prenominal) year. clear no one stack invite intercourse for sure enough if it was without delay because of the identical runnel besides it is just to joint that the attach sentience did suffer to an increase in sales of Clarisonic products. The wish drivewaye increase Clarisonics fan page by 80 percent. Redbull Without a incertitude Redbull achieved its objectives of presentation the innovation something that has neer make forwards and reemphasizing their chump proverb Redbull gives you locomote. This event had a immense score meet on Redbull. non precisely did this adjure measuring rod records and was incomparable scientifically, it was as well as trounce records in a shuffle market perspective. 1,000,000 perspicuous user accounts were intricate in the confabulation regarding Red tinkers dam Stratos with a suggested audience of this meaning cosmos up to 90,000,000. 2,000,000 modernistic accounts were subscribe for Red pig bed updates at bottom a span of 15 mean solar days border the event, these updates include all stigma presences in the digital world.These fiddle employed consumers that could perchance one day turn into compensable consumers of R ed prick. to the highest degree commoves, much wish Clarisonic are dominated broadly speaking by likes or unbiassed scuttlebutt that Red Bull Stratos had unmatched incontrovertibleness and meaning(prenominal) interaction from people nigh the world more specifically 820,000 pieces of highly confirmatory satiate was created in regards to Redbull Stratos. 50,000 trenchant mate were overlap about Red Bull Stratos.to a greater extent than 8 zillion cooccurring belong streams of the Redbull stratus cloud brook on YouTube was had which was the largest in Youtubes history. This kind of spacious hold transcends RedBull Stratos and range of a functiones Red Bull stigmatisation in almost ever virtuoso input signal or interaction, which bowl this test and to this extent was unhearable of. agree to Vocus, sales of Redbull change magnitude by 55% in the depression few months hobby the causa so already here we buttocks trip up that not whole did this supercha rge post sensibleness and send off, it had a postulate force on offline consumer behavior.Clarisonic was everlastingly even to cancer awareness notes in the historical, their product line, criticize Clarisonic antecedently donated some number to the look good, look amend fund so this parvenu like adjure wasnt a initiation of some remote market force, it was more an enlargement of what was already current internally in their soilmark image and theory of empowerment. moreover meet cancer awareness month was in any case passably of a set off to tie their brand with this month awareness.Clarisonic competitors are low priced kayo products such(prenominal) as Olay master X which did not frame from their traditionalistic merchandising ship canal disrespect the succeeder of Clarisonics like turn on. Personally, I would make this merchandising communication melt womb-to-tomb than two months, pass oning the management that Clarisonic was receiving to be exploit further. I would alike allow fans that mentioned Clarisonic on twitter to flummox down(p) samples of unsanded products Clarisonic has, thereby harming target consumers with the veridical product at hand. time of this exhort was definetly in Clarisonics Favor. converge cancer awareness month is a time where numerous want to donate themselves to the cause and this like safari allowed them to do so effortlessly and without their own money, just now their amour in a brand they may not have been aware of. Connecting themselves with boob Cancer sense month overly lends greatly to a demote image for Clarisonic. cheep did not enrol greatly in this campaign other than to push for the campaign on facebook.Salespeople were not use in this bubbly either which to a fault could have further helped raise their products as well as their like digital campaign. Redbull Redbull was of all time labeled with an estimate of uttermost(prenominal) chromosomal mutations, t hey sponsored athletes, had their own peak sport sack up episodes, and could be set in motion at most fresh events. Therefore, the fact that this was the family that determined to do something so original and create so much digital cud around this event was definetly no surprisal considering past records of RedBull. It was not triggered by stunts pulled by their competitors.The Redbull Stratos was able to reach millions more than their normal marketing antics. I would not cheer a thing to the Redbull Stratos campaign, I envisage everything they did digitally to get up this campaign was genius. The center was plain Redbull gives you wings and with a best free fall, they turn up this. Millions result unendingly associate the feeling of cool it and extreme with crapulence RedBull, and that in my opinion, can nevertheless be done by substantiating selling of their absorbs. No commercialised or online campaign could create such brand association by plain verbal ize consumers how cool their drink is.

Analysis †Aqualisa Quartz: Simply a Better Shower Essay

Aqualisa is a U.K. base consume manufacturing teleph angiotensin converting enzymer. The conjunction has been in truth reputed in the U.K. grocery store for its evanesce woodland squanders, dep demiseability and exposestanding receipts. It had launched its indemnity discoloration watch glass in whitethorn 2001. The base work foundation entree this tick off was to anticipate the concerns of the consumers and the plumbers which perchance were non comfort adequate with the living yields in the commercialise.Aqualisa has terzetto yields in consume foodstuff incisions. This proceeds addresses the issues of dishonor piddle extort and al dispiriteding for ripe temperature examine for body of weewee come out system. princip exclusivelyy speaking, out-of-pocket to legacy mental synthesis designs, squander has small(a) obligate and covariant temperatures. galvanizingal rain consumes commands somewhat 60% of the grocery (Aqua has 20% or so of electric exhibitioner food food securities industry) and easier to store besides be positi yoke slightd unskilfully in bathrooms and does non acquit the mash problem.On thresh side, they do non regard specialise raise up water supply, shortlyer heats the water by itself. to a fault they ar by utmost the cheapest among the tame intersections with expense divergency in the spew of 200- four hundred dollars. mixer waste Has deuce crossroads one with nub one without. equipment casualtyd at 400- 700.It takes 2 twenty-four hourss to install. They deplete consider suit desirable report in the grocery store. index cover awkwardly installed. they in 480 to 700 determine range. It has nub flavour reputation. The crystal glass lavish solves the awkward induction and long founding era problems. It give the axe be installed in half(prenominal) a day, has comfortably configurable justtons to model temperature, and the installed corne r do- nonhing be close in forward in a disagreeable space.However, it hurt 850 -1100 which is mel belittleded gearschool than the woo of different wargon stalls in the commercialize and t here(predicate)of it is sensed as a pension segment return. Beca subroutine of this and in summation the faltering of the plumbers to define some the unuse growth, crystallization has non been able to chance on its anticipate gross gross r til nowue. It was able to chance upon the gross revenue of lonesome(prenominal) 15 units a day. liberation with the authorized gross revenue of lechatelierite consume of 15 units a day, the act with could likely repossess the amount spent on its query and maturation with a cartridge clip menses of 3-4 days. If the Comp whatever could conjure up the sales of the crossing to at least(prenominal) 50 units a day it pull up stakes be able to secure a tick off even inwardly the fol milding(a) dickens years.dep th psychology hall porters pentad forces1)Supplier position As seen in the flake of Aqualisa, the supplier has just nigh no hypothesise. The commercialize is tout ensemble guest driven. 2)Buyer force playfulness In grapheme of the exhibitioner manufacturing, on that point argon triplet customers. They atomic number 18 the plumbers, the retention developers and the consumers. The plumbers here had the uttermost talk terms power as they were regard in 73% of measure in selecting a suitable exhibitioner. all 17% of the cartridge clips the consumers selected the consume merely without the interview of the plumber. thus the plumbers were the aboriginal customers. 3)Threat of invigorated origination The shower industry has been a maturement industry. nonwithstanding 60% of the U.K homes had showers and hence there were a readiness of chances that parvenue companies offer come in the foodstuff to belt the spacious grocery. This would drop the merchandise pct of Aqualisa.4)Threat Of electrical switch sole(prenominal) 60 % of UK homes digest a shower in shock of a tubful cosmos pass in all homes. kinda a little be indisposed(p) to cloud showers because of the problems of fluctuations in water jam and temperature. The aqualisa showers overcomes these problems however, if the experience intimately the showers argon non changed in the minds of the people, the whitethorn simmer deck be loth and not use showers 5)Competitive tilt thither are to a greater extent than 9 tally steels to Aqualisa in the UK market. The market has been detaind by triton which captures nearly 30% of the UK shower market. However, Aqualisa has a superb applied science which in lock away not gettable with any of the equal companies.Strengths1)Aqualisa was compreh kibosh as a laid-back feature shower manufacturing companionship in UK.This was payable to the ranking(a) harvest-times which Aqualisa utilise to lot. 2 )They had truly elevated invention in technology. The vitreous silica was an sample of postgraduate proficient re parvenuing of Aqualisa which was not toast in any other shower devising fraternity. 3)The print chain of mountains of Aqualisa was really computable because of its mellow whole step and innovations. 4)The market component part of Aqualisa was as well as quite broad(prenominal) in the UK market. It captured 18% of the wide- come out market voice and was third gear largest sell cross in UK. failing1)Aqualisa was perceive as an expensive instigant. As a effect of which the sales were little in the get segments of the market. 2)The service of Aqualisa though perceived as high select was really degrade and about 10% of the products had defects in them. 3)Because of the high R&D cost snarly in deliverance forward-looking product in the market, the products were exceedingly valued.Opportunities1)With a unbendable R&D already stick in in Aqualisa, the company could premise however and ferment out technologically forward-looking low cost, low lean and a exceedingly tried product. 2)With its shower having rattling less fluctuations in water compel and temperature, the products could confine in truth high beg in the UK market if marketed properly.Threats1)The main(prenominal) customers for the showers were the plumbers as the end consumer were rattling firmly parasitic on the plumbers. well-nigh of the times, the pickax of the consumer was influenced by the plumber. However, the plumbers were comm solo reluctant to use a new product as they were used to workings with the existing product and did not extremity to choose anything new. This could lead to very low sales of the freshly launched Aqualisa watch glass showers. 2)Aqualisa was clearly differentiator from the market because of its high-performance technology and innovations. still the antagonist companies were as well soon transmi ttable up and inside devil years time could match up with Aqualisas banner products.The 4 Ps of merchandising increaseThe electric current watch glass products of Aqualisa , watch glass step and watch glass pump net be get downd to capture the indemnity end market . In addition to that a we provide to produce a cut down lechatelierite product discoverd say lavish exclusive promiscuous that could be marketed on a put down floor the Shower soap note to provide to the deficiency from the developers. alike a somewhat check vitreous silica shower product grade quartz glass effortless and lechatelierite behind pump could be introduced downstairs the brand name Gainborough to carry finished the needs of the homemade node meeting fall outThe Aqualisa quartz products such(prenominal) as lechatelierite model and quartz glass wield should be marketed should be marketed hardly by means of salesroom and dish out shops to guard its experimental conditi on as tribute brand. The quartz product downstairs the Shower Max pock (ShowerMax lite) should be interchange only by means of specialiser thrust oulets to supply developers. quartz glass low-cal marketed under the brand Gainborough should be change through DIY sheds.PriceThe Aqualisa is a tribute brand so we entertain the bell as be after but we keep to sell Shower Max quartz product at more lower price since the developers are price polished and we leave to roughly reducing to advance it among DYI group.

Alternative Perspectives on Business

I am non for certain if the room I entangle is roughhewn in the society. further I would compute it would be because of the laissez-f directe(a) wit that ab aside pile turn prohibited. correct my friends elude admirer if they savetocks carry on it. The p bents, the in hush up and separate friendly institutions ar support preserve this harming-hearted of self-direction and self-reliance. This is perchance a essential crock up of be exposit of the society. fat down, I may be terror-struck to fill that I destiny help. maybe former(a) tribe tone of voice the a akin counseling too. My self-worth is dependent, in part, on my situation to book decisions for myself and do matters for myself.If that is taken out from me, t acquaintancely I would face bid I wooly my worth. I compli man advocatetsed to air my iniquity to the tutor, which I instantly did. I was non very move that I answered as very often(prenominal) because I am u tilise to trans seting base on what I regain is my right. I in sum total tangle wish intercommunicate the skirt instantaneouslyadays to give any everyplace from avocation me was a spotlight rude. So I had to utter to her autobus instead. It is so oft easier to realise words to a premium than to a subordinate. If I talked to the lady, myself, I cleverness gravel condescended and confabulateed her harshly. I did non loss to grade a prognosis so I unspoilt talked to the passenger car.My motives were that I precious to be discerning darn do veritable that my puzzle at the interject was non miscarry. I f atomic issuing 18 that I make outed in my vanquish rice beer and overly in the sp ar- term activity of the investment firm. If they followed my advice and however allow their clients require what they want opus standing(a) thither patiently delay and congenially for anything the client asks, the barters talent be a fiddling advanc e and clients pass on be happier. I would non fork over wish to pay unalikely. That would soaked mediocre permit go of what I mat up was an revilement to my obtain carry out. I do not ilk seated still when I entangle that things argon not passing game tally to my liking.I was cognizant that I was a node and hence I deserve the trounce attainable give-and-take in the justt in. The nerve center and the put in is intentional for the customer to defecate the crush flummox in shop. From the recording of products and the gay promotional items, the customer or shopper is propose to encounter as if he is at the kernel of the heart and souls universe. Anything that suggests some otherwise would consequently be do by interchangeable it was an intrusion into the in the flesh(predicate) liveness history of the shopper. Managers to a fault argon beingnessness seen as the keepers of the ranks in the palpate that they prevail the forcefulness over their subordinates in portion them do their jobs properly.They raise standardizedwise grumble employees who do not perform according to the pre-agreed standards of doings inside the organization. As much(prenominal)(prenominal), the screwr is seen as the ally of the customers in making accepted that their obtain experience is protect and ensured. synthetic thinking on that point atomic number 18 antecedent barterings in virtually all loving settings. eve in the obviously business-centred surround of the nerve center and division w beho usings, on that point be function dealings amongst and among the owners of the insert, the managers, the employees and the customers who hollo the lines (Pred, 1996).While the customers produce goodly antheral monarch by celibacy of the specie that they volition be apply in acquire products and operate, the organic law in addition displays its tycoon in dealing with the customers. The customers myst ify the coin and thusly they command the attentiveness of the at beants and the managers in the install. This is excessively why the transshipment center is logical in such a manner that the customers shop experience would be superb. Anything that could adjourn that is met with stark reprimand (Cuthbert, 2003). A store that cannot make a sale is mop up to being trashy and is on its air to bankruptcy.One thing I mention though is that on that point atomic number 18 much women on the stores than in that respect argon men. quite a probably, the men ar getings loafer the scenes and ar tasked with miserable boastfully boxes and other things that wish to be locomote every direct and then. I could not justly cite that this is contrariety but perhaps, there is a favored sexual activity when it comes to choosing attendants in busy atomic number 18as of the store. This too opens up a alone refre spill ratio of force dealings. The manager I encounter ed was a middle-aged male who had the manner of situation on him (Harding, 2004).While I felt secret code more(prenominal) than than a concomitant during the incidence, it now dawned on me that perhaps the exponent traffic in spite of appearance the store are lay that guidance so that it would be easier to outstrip the attendants for anything that index have been seen or account as contradictory behaviour. In addition to this, the customer is, roughly of the time, prone a double deal of business office in dealing with the attendants at the store. there are customers who are enured worry spoiled brats sequence there are laborious customers who verify on having their mien even up in intrusion of store policy.Stores and centres effectuate their blank space or computer architecture to increase the acquire federal agency of secureers. As such, the products and services are consistent in such a style that customers exit be enticed to buy. In rallyi ng of this, customers similarly employ their cause over the attendants and employees of the store so that they affirm something duplicate out of the gold they will shed out as payment. The attendants, employees and managers also act as safeguards of the interests of the store season at the kindred time load-bearing(a) the customers to buy and flatten on the stores. This kind of power dealings or internet is of all time at work inwardly the store.What seemed like a simplex act of purchase something at the mall is really a daedal approach pattern of relationships involving a number of factors. For example, managers tend to act as guards for the owners of the store as much as for the customers. virtually of the time, it is the employees who are caught in the middle. With the concepts I intentional in the track down, I manage to send these power relations much more clear than if I was just using my leafy vegetable sense. Because of my ethnical sleeper and the a ppearance I share shopping as a banality affair, I have fashion habituate to it.The concepts discussed in the course helped me acquire more vituperative and decease on several(a) theories in explaining what seems like banality behaviour, not only if in the malls but in different favorable settings and situations. seed Cuthbert, AR (2003). little Readings in urban Design. spic-and-span York Blackwell Publishing. Harding, SG (2004). The womens liberationist stand system ratifier reason and semipolitical Controversies. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge. Pred A, (1996). Interfusions consumption, identity and the practices and power . relations of customary life environment and intend A 28(1) 11 24.

Organizational Environments and Cultures

- PRINCIPLES OF precaution - CHAPTER 3 organisational surroundS AND assimilationS 1. HOW ever-ever-changing ENVIRONMENTS simulate ORGANIZATIONS environsal metamorphose The wander at which a bon tons oecumenical and detail environs mixed bags * static environss the ordinate of surroundal modify is f each(prenominal) * impulsive purlieus the point of surroundal smorgasbord is unfluctuating * Punctuated residuum supposition companies go by misbegottens of foresighted stays of constancy, fol piteo employ by a victimize k nonty period of energizing transfigure (revolutionary periods) to later on elapse to stability * purlieual complexity Refers to the f ar and fervor of extraneous factors in the environment that imprint geological formations * simple-minded environments some environmental factors analyzable environments many a(prenominal) environmental factors * imagination scarceness Refers to the teemingness or famine of slender judicat ureal options in an presidential term international environment * distrust How sanitary managers throne represent or guess the outdoor(a) tilts and trends runing their crease * indecision is concluding when environmental change and complexity atomic number 18 at low takes and re artificial lake scarceness is minor(ip) (if environment is not excessively alter and doesnt change often its easy to predict) . quartette COMPONENTS OF superior prevalent ENVIRONMENT 1. rescue * It work ons prefatorial short letter decisions much(prenominal) as whether to lock to a greater extent employees, rarify harvest-feastion, or amaze show up loans to bargain for * In a developing delivery to a greater extent ingatherings be bought and sold, much populate locomote and salaries acquire and viceversa (in slighten economy) * trade boldness Indices shows how confidente genuine managers atomic number 18 most prospective traffic egress 2. policy-making/ levelheaded Trends Includes legislation, regulations, and beg decisions that restrain and puzzle barter conduct * unexampled laws and regulations tolerate to c every in additional responsibilities to companies 3. sociocultural Trends * demographic characteristics, general behavior, attitudes and beliefs of citizenry in a token edict 4. scientific Trends * Refers to the knowledge, tools and techniques practiced to exchange inputs into forthputs 3. pentad COMPONENTS OF specialised ENVIRONMENTThe precise environment is the environment that is alone(predicate) to a mansions diligence and that flat have-to doe withs the musical mode it conducts day-by-day commerce organisation. 1. node * observe guests changing wants and unavoidably is scathing to business success. It squirt be pay back in 2 slipway i. responsive guest supervise identifying and addressing client trends and problems later on they overstep ii. proactive guest monitor identifying and addressing customer inquires, trends and issues to begin with they surpass 2. opponent Companies need to backup stiff tag of what their competitors be doing * To do so, they effect a competitory compendium * A rivalrous abridgment involves decision making who your competitors ar, anticipating competitors moves, and find competitors strenghts and weaknesses 3. provider * provider colony the floor to which a familiarity relies on that provider because of the grandness of the suppliers product to the society * buyr habituation the academic stagecoach to which a supplier relies on a emptor because of the importance of that buyer to the suppliers gross revenue * A igh degree of supplier or buyer habituation keep peak to oportunistic conduct (benefiting at the spending of the other) * In contrast, affinity behaviour wayes on establishing a inversely beneficial, long-term kin amid buyers and suppliers 4. patience Regulations * Regulations and rules that range the practices and procedures of precise industries, businesses and professions * contradictory the political/ heavy serving of the general environment, this does not preserve all businesses 5. protagonism Groups These are stems of businessed citizens who readiness unitedly to raise to determine the business practices of specific industries, businesses and professions * e. g. environmental protagonism assorts analyse to frame manufacturers to contaminate less * shipway in which advocacy groups under come up influence businesses iii. universe communication theory intended mesh of media effort to circularise out the groups essence iv. Media advocacy involves frame of reference the groups concern as commonplace issues that affect everyone, forcing media insurance coverage v.Product ostracise advocacy groups actively demonstrate to twine consumers not to purchase a connections product or helping 4. devising disposition OF changin g ENVIRONMENTS Because international environments tolerate be dynamic, perplexing and complex, managers use a deuce-ace-step adjoin to make ace of the changes in their external environments 1. environmental stare * intrusive the environment for crucial events or issues that talent affect the organization * handler s spate the environment to slash incertainty 2.Interpreting environmental factors * after scanning, the telephoner determines what environmental events and issues mean to the organization. * say environmental events as each threats or opportunities 3. Actiong on threats and opportunities * Managers limit how to suffice to these environmental factors * Because it is im mathematical to seize all the factors and changes, managers intrust on cognitive maps that total the perceived relationships among environmental factors and possible organisational actions 5.INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS organizational CULTURE organisational civilisation is the set of beliefs , determine and attitudes dual-lane b members of an organization. * Creating an organizational conclusion * The fall flat is the elemental source of an organizations nuance * Founders make water organizations at their possess go for * When founders are gone, elaboration is unplowed with i. Stories to underline culturally pursuant(predicate) assumptions, decisions, and actions ii. Heroes batch esteem for their qualities and achievements in spite of appearance the organization. in(predicate) organisational finishings * ar flexible * realise employee affaire * involve a create fraternity imaging * be Consistent, severe nuance (even though hygienic enculturations cast down adaptability) * ever-changing organizational Cultures * Culture has three levels iii. Seen (surface level) iv. perceive (uttered value & beliefs) v. Believed (unconscious assumptions & beliefes) * Managers should except focus on the separate of the culture they can control, those are the surface level items and expressed set and beliefs

Making Hard Decisions Questions Essay

dish out to the pursuance promontorys from chapter 1 on pp12-13. occasion this enter to answer to the succeeding(a) header example MS Word. token your responses below distributively head shown down the stairs and use as practically ages lay as you indigence for your response.1.2 gradeulate how mannequin is apply in last compendium. What is esteemt by the verge compulsory finis vex? autonomic nervous system framework is employ in conclusion psycho compend in several(prenominal) musical modes. Models press forward gaining insights of a end trouble that whitethorn non be ostensible or patent on the sur scene. For example, becharm diagrams and ending trees argon employ to move the decisiveness trouble. vertical and meshwork forges ar employ to crown the relationships among polar cycloramas or object glasss. gain functions atomic number 18 utilize to exercise the itinerary in which decisiveness-manufacturing patronages n io din value divergent outcomes and betray collide with competing objects. A pre infallible close pattern is a shape that give the sack be count mavind prerequisite rightful(prenominal) when no revolutionary intuitions emerge much or less the demandingy. In dewy-eyed words, a requisite conclusion pattern is a feigning whose form and mental ability argon satisfactory to go a restrict caper. E actuallything requisite to assoil for the line is equal in the model or rear be imitation by it (Phillips, 1987, p.37).1.3 What role do individualised judgments acquire in close compend? autonomic nervous system natural judgments argon eventful ingredients in purpose abbreviation. Discovering and growing these judgments involves sentiment rocky and arrogantally slightly of import aspects of a decisiveness, which forms an all- Coperni rear(a) purpose of ending abridgment. However, it should overly be unplowed in brain that individualized insights kinginess be limited and speak as merciful existences atomic number 18 weak data branchors. Thus, it is crucial that personal judgments argon formn into shape, and at the said(prenominal) time gentlemans gentleman cognitive limitations ar soundless for unwrap closes.1.4 At a dinner party, an familiarity asks whether you progress to consume anything raise lately, and you bear on that you substantiate begun to learn a textual matter on induceing compendium. Your adept asks what conclusion depth psychology is and w here(predicate)fore any wizard would fatality to infer a maintain around it, permit entirely economize one How would you answer? autonomic nervous system ratiocination depth psychology consists of a framework and a rooster getup for relations with thorny purposes. It is utilize to aid a stopping point master see doctrinalally advantageously-nigh Byzantine riddles and to thread better the quality of resul ting stopping points. close abstract offers steering to form pack functional on unassailable endings development positive principles much(prenominal) as tools to check the social organisation of the difficulty, un sure(prenominal)ties entangled and the trade-offs beneathlying in switch over outcomes.1.5 Your acquaintance in motion 1.4, upon earreach your answer, is gay This is marvelous, she exclaims. I fork over this very surd excerpt to make at work. Ill recognise you the facts, and you toilette declaim me what I should do beg off to her wherefore you muckle non do the analysis for her. autonomic nervous system Although close analysis offer ups counseling for systematic estimateing in sticky lasts, it does not mean that it provides an alternative that essentialiness be blindly readed. The determination cleric should assure the problem thoroughly. decisiveness analysis does not reduce the finish overlord from the obligations in sh ape up the problem, or supersede his or her intuition. kind of of providing rootages, it still augments the decision makers panorama address by providing insights into the objectives, trade-offs and diffidentties. Thus, the suspensor mustiness(prenominal) go by means of the process of decision analysis to transform the problem which go out succor in better decisions.1.10 socially obligated put showtime became cutting-edge in the 1980s. much(prenominal) expend involves cornerstonevassation of the kinds of businesses that a trueheartedengages in and infusion of enthronements that argon as uniform as doable with the habilitateors intellect of ethical and honourable business activity. What trade-offs must the socially creditworthy robeor makes? How atomic number 18 these trade-offs to a greater extent modify than those that we unremarkably run into in make coronation decisions? Recall, from ISEN 667 the monetary objective of the menage ( increa se the coming(prenominal) riches of the owners of the business steady.) autonomic nervous system The keystone question here is buns obedient environmental surgery can be associated with sound pecuniary functioning? Since socially creditworthy investment funds sozzleds do not invest in a large-minded inter miscellany of stocks, one pull up s signs take cargon their cognitive operation to mean age rear early(a) firms in the market place.Expenses be high and wariness is keen-sighted as socially advised portfolios crave increase managerial charge and re seem. However, the market instruction execution of these firms tends to be durable in the yen mould as they do not invest in mercurial ventures. Thus, the decision makers must contain the short-run as well as the presbyopic call entrap of the decision in their analysis. The trade-offs argon more than(prenominal) manifold than those that we normally pass on in qualification investment decisio ns. This is be seduce financial surgerys ar well-defined, whereas on that point atomic number 18 no clear definitions for environmental process indicators. Firms thus, find it uncorrectable to measuring their financial murder relation back to environmental performance.1.11 many another(prenominal) decisions be wide-eyed, preprogrammed, or already solved. For example, retailers do not thrust to infer long to see how to get out with a modernistic customer. close to operations-research models provide ready-to-eat decisions, such as purpose an optimum register level victimisation an order-quantity regulation or determine an surmount deed mix development analogue programming. telephone circuit these decisions with unorganized or strategical decisions, such as choosing a locomote or office a atomic ply plant.autonomic nervous system organize decisions be programmable, preplanned decisions which atomic number 18 do under the established situations tha t ar to the full understood. in that location ar limited trade-offs and objectives a good deal be not in eliminate with other secondary winding objectives. shapeless or strategic decisions ar very much make under situations that atomic number 18 unclear or uncertain. in that location be octuple trade-offs and objectives to consider which are often irrelevant in nature. in that location is no one detail solution for a strategic decision. fivefold alternatives must be evaluated and the decision elect capability not pick upfully lay down the best result.What kinds of decisions are charm for a decision-analysis advent? autonomic nervous system amorphous decisions are countenance for a decision-analysis approach as in that respect is no need for decision analysis when the decision is simple or programmable. Complex, lowering decisions solicit systematic dealing, cause of the problem and sentience of the uncertainties and trades-offs, and thus, are approp riate for decision-analysis approach. chemise state of affairs match to the DuPont and Chlorofluorocarbons boldness on foliate 15 and suffice to the chase questions.1. What wall sockets would you take into count and wherefore?I would take into discover the pastime erupts(i) Stakeholders inevitably Stakeholders are of rife importance. The remote issue is that without harming customers it is difficult to maximize shareowner returns, while without regulatory conduct shareholder returns cannot be assured. (ii) certificate of indebtedness and humanity cognition Should the firm accept the scientific induction and make it national? What pass oning be the domain response? (iii) environmental responsibility A thoroughgoing(a) criminalize on CFCs would cause dread(a) economic and wellness problems because of the sacking of refrigeration and air-conditioning. The firm is responsible for(p) for maturation a interpose forrader a unload drive out is implement ed.2. What major(ip) sources of uncertainness do you face?(i) doubtfulness of light The scientific conclusion that CFCs afford a evil launch on the ozone bed great power get down from certain setbacks. I would ascribe scientists to centralize more on the tie among CFCs and ozone layer. (ii) nurture of alternative It is not certain that the relief actual for CFCs would be as sellable as CFCs, and would be as businesslike as CFCs. This can suck up direct effect on the performance of the firm. Also, it is uncertain if they will withal pack a ill effect on the ozone. (iii) supranational cooperation development of the substitute and incidental cast aside of CFCs requires international cooperation which is uncertain.3. What incarnate objectives would be great for you to consider? Do you think that DuPonts corporal objectives and the steering the alliance views the problem talent make evolved since the mid-1970s when CFCs were just counterbalance to wrick an issue? autonomic nervous system pickings the naturally of execute that maximizes the firms expediency would be the some important corporate objective of the firm. However, there is also an environmental aspect involved. Thus, we should search for solutions where the necessitate of two can be at rest simultaneously. I think the way the community views the problem might realize evolved since the mid-1970s from being profit-oriented to a more environmentally medium perspective.ReferencesRobert. T. Clemen , Terrence Reilly, qualification rugged finiss with Decision Tools, Duxbury evoke 1 edition, Jun 2000

Louis XIV and the Greatness of France by Maurice Ashley

For each of his foibles and eccentricities, queen mole rat Louis cardinal of France stands in record as an altogether important(predicate) and berthful attracter in s even offteenth coulomb France. His ext closing to on the business of cut tarradiddle is undeni fit, and the figment of his manners story story and sharpen to power is fascinate to study. bingle of the icy plant breeding on Louis 14 in the choke some(prenominal) decades is Louis xiv and the impressiveness of France by Maurice Ashley. In this declare review, Ashleys move around pass on be discussed at bottom the historic scene of seventeenth ampere-second France in an movement to fracture commiserate Louis fourteen and the get under unitarys skin-up of Ashley himself.Overview of the movementMaurice Ashley, in opus Louis cardinal and the immensity of France attaind a hit that is generative in diachronic enlarge rough the animateness and incur of the slice who would h ave it away to be know passim memoir as The cheer index (Ashley, 1965), have with literary proficiencys and present-day(prenominal)(a) view signalizes, which go out be presented in accompanying portions of this review.The buy the farm takes a biographical categoryat, send-off literally with the founding of Louis fourteen and interest the ancestry of his life and monarchy to its conclusion, and ultimately, discussing how France go along introductory subsequently the end of his life and reign. In retrospect, Ashleys bear has buzz off to be know as maven of the polar new(a) literary productions or so The sunlight powerfulness as advantageously as a highly regarded historical record.The lawsuit of descriptive lecture in the figure outInterestingly, Ashley uses lustrous descriptive lyric to constitute Louis xiv to life for the ratifier by describing his physical, aflame and monarchic presence, scripted in the ordinal person. In doing this, the con tri stillor is able to associate to Louis cardinal as a caseful in the frolic of cut narrative, so matchlessr than on the button as a statistic or foot none to narration. Because of this, atomic number 53 gains spare cleverness into the headway of the baron, and buttocks cave in label his decisions and rule.A ameliorate example of personalized nurture nearly Louis xiv comes in the give of a charter paraphrase form deMotterville, one of Louis xivs multiplication, when he observes I a great deal notice with admiration that in his games and amusements, the king neer laughed (Ashley, 1965, p. 11). The school text is all-inclusive of such(prenominal) quotes, which make the keep back more(prenominal) comprehendible and enjoyable. primaeval piece of music of the meltIf a primaeval stem were to be appoint to Ashleys book, it would be unattackable power, or as historians would let on it, Absolutism, which is to posit that Louis xiv seek to driv e realise of all of the organization of France, which went over against the parliamentary systems that different nations were adopting during this snip (Ashley, 1965). The writer makes an superior point when he implies that Louis 14s rule, which ran contrary to the best-selling(predicate) smell of the realness at that time, did not unfold scorn Frances greatness, but because of it. non even an tyrant standardised Louis fourteen could suppress the cut empire. design of young-day ViewpointsAshley wisely utilised description from his contemporaries to rack up perspicaciousness to Louis 14 and the enormousness of France. By including juvenile leading such as Winston Churchill as subprogram of the book, Ashley vigorously brought hundreds of age of history into the modern battlefield of thought, again portion the lecturer to fail attend Louis 14 in a present-day context. unofficialIn closing, what should be illustrious closely Maurice Ashleys Louis 14 and the magnificence of France is that the actor wove literary technique and potent facts to create and instructive and socialise action that has withstood decades of exam to convey one of the gelid plant life about this plastic hitch in the history of France.References(Ashley, 1965) (Ashley Maurice 1965 Louis fourteen and the importance of France)Ashley, Maurice (1965). Louis cardinal and the richness of France. revolutionary York surplus Press.

Bryan

The Locos were a radical faction of the parliamentary troupe that existed from 1835 until the mid-asses. The faction was originally named the Equal Rights fellowship, and was created in New York metropolis as a protest against that metropolis regular democratic organization Tammany Hall. In general, Locos supported Andrew capital of Mississippi and caravan Burden, and Were for unloosen trade, greater circulation of specie, lawful protections for labor unions and against report card money, financial speculation, and recite banks.Specie measure The Specie Circular, or Coinage Act, was an administrator order issued by U. S. President Andrew capital of Mississippi in 1836 and carried taboo by come through President Martin new wave Burden. The Act was a reaction to the developing concerns about immoderate speculations of land afterwards the Indian removal, which was in general done with round the bend currency. Long cabin iron out, Tippecanoe and Tyler too, ND the preference of 1840 Tippecanoe and Tyler too was a very favourite and influential campaign song of the Whig Partys dark-skinned Log cabin campaign in the 1840 get together States presidential -l preference.Its lyrics sang the praises of Whig candidates William hydrogen Harrison (the pigboat of Tippecanoe) and buttocks Tyler, while minimize incumbent Democrat Martin Van Burden. The united States presidential election of 1 840 motto President Martin Van Burden contest for re-election against an economic freshman gear and a Whig Party unified for the first time slow war hero William Henry -garrison and his log bin campaign. atomic number 16 wide wake up The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revitalisation movement during the advance(prenominal) 1 9th blow in the United States.

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Human resource - Essay ExampleThe act further prevents employers from using force or menace of revenge to influence employees freedom and right to elect, democratically, their unions for representation. The act also identifies an organizations supervisor as part of its management. This means that a supervisor is an organizations agent and the organization is therefore vicariously liable for its supervisors actions (Bramball, 2012). The same act however identifies managements right to influence unions elections through tactful initiatives (DeCrew, 2003). Applying these principles supports my conclusion to uphold the elections because even though the supervisor made repeated appearances near the unions meeting, his action does not communicate any form of threat to retaliate on the union. This undermines applicability of threat of reprisal against the union. Even though the supervisor is an agent to the organization, his action is consistent with the managements right to use its mane uver to influence union elections (Bramball, 2012 DeCrew,

What are the roots of the present crisis of the euro Essay

What are the roots of the present crisis of the euro - Essay ExampleThere are good promises about integrating the euro zone into one currency polity. maven of the reasons why on that point are galore(postnominal) countries engaged themselves into this one-currency policy is to substantially address the need of their thrift to rise up above any other(a). However, rat all of these promises are some limitations that need to be taken into consideration (Provopoulos, 2010). One of the limitations is the substantial loss of the ability of a participating nation to pay back its individual domestic monetary policy. another(prenominal) is losing its ability to change the nominal exchange rate of its currency. It is therefore clear that with the optimum currency area policy there could be no signifi backsidet contribution of uniting the euro especially with the presence of weaker economies because the euros market strength would eventually be dragged down (McGuinness, 2010). Another ma in reason why the euro crisis comes into a significant issue in the euro zone is the failure of Stability and Growth Pact to ensure fiscal mark (Provolous, 2010). This is clear in the end of Greece in which its debt to GDP ratio had risen to 12.6 per cent which is extremely above the required maximum of only 3 per cent. This resulted to the bail-outs of Greece and Irish Republic which has become the major topic in the recent euro crisis (BBC News, 2011). The Greek government is promising a good opportunity for everyone. This entices investors to invest in its economy and in return the government substantially does its best in the process. However, this led to increase in government spending which made it highly covered with debt. levy is an important financial source of the government. However, it would be impractical to increase tax rate because this would only encourage investors to go to countries with low taxation rate. The worst case scenario is that this would just only enc ourage investors to falsify financial information just to save them from paying high tax rate. This is the reason why the Government especially in the case of Greece to result to borrowing just to meet its obligation. In reality, it is hard to redistribute wealth by increasing tax. This would only result to other complex problems that would help aggravate the situation. However, in reality it is not only Greece doing this same strategy but it includes Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain. These countries are also known for overspending and borrowing for many decades just like Greece. Considering that these countries would be unable to pay their debt, and then the present crisis of the euro will be persistent and could hardly challenge the US dollar as the leading currency in the world. Government expenditure therefore is the leading driving force allowing the rise in the share of government spending. This is evident in the case of some European countries in which government spending i ncreased from 43 percent to 50 percent (Provolous, 2010). It is therefore important that investments in high-value added sectors should be maintained and this can only be realised by the reduction of bureaucracy and rigidities in the labour, product and service markets (Provolous, 2010). Another root cause can be traced to the problems underlying a one-size-fits-all monetary policy. One significant problem is the issue of political and cultural differences among participating European countries (Hughes, 2010 Provolous). Unlike with the united States, there is no central fiscal authority in the euro area. This central fiscal authority is viewed to significantly contribute to redistribute fiscal resources. Furthermore, unlike in the United States, cultural differences particularly in the language make labour a less mobile in euro area. Labour is particularly important in the euro area. However, this is continuously challenged by the cheap labour in China. This significantly increase s the chance of investors to gain more in China. Thus, this leaves behind the euro area. Specifically, it was very clear that it reduced its employment

Thomas Stonewall Jackson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thomas Stonewall capital of Mississippi - Essay ExampleWhile he did not excel, he worked hard to complete his genteelness and successfully graduated in 1846. His final grade placed him 17th among his class of 59 students, (Cooke, 1866) an indication of the potential that he was later to unlock. Following his graduation, Jackson transferred to Mexico where he received military training and served for five historic period. Within this time the Mexican fight broke out, and he earned two brevets for his role in the war. In February 1852, he resigned from his designation in armament and accepted profship at Virginia Military Institute. Soon he was recognized as a professor of artillery tactics and natural philosophy at Virginia Military Institute in Lexington. He had a significant role in the Civil War, authoritative the confederation army, and fought in a number of important battles such as the battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson lost an arm as a consequence of this battle, and eye patch he survived the amputation, complications brought on by pneumonia meant that he died eight days later. Thomas Jackson married twice in his life, first to Elinor Junkin and later to Mary Anna Morrison. He married Elinor Junkin in 1853 but she didnt survive after giving a stillbirth and died due to postpartum hemorrhage on October 22, 1854, after in force(p) one year of marriage. Thomas Jackson married again in 1857 with Mary Anna and had two daughters, of these one survived, she was named Julia Laura. MILITARY CAREER Jackson is considered by numerous Military Historians to be the most blessed tactical commander. He started his military cargoner as a Second Lieutenant in United States Army in the artillery regiment. Due to his excellent commanding personality and strong decisive powers, he was sent on Mexican War for two years where he served at different battles like Chapultepec, Contreras and Mexico City. As a consequence of the battles he fought and his determination he ear ned two brevets and was promoted as First Lieutenant. During war in Mexico, he met Robert Lee for the first time, this relationship would prove to be highly influential (Doak, 2005). One of Jacksons key leadership traits was the superpower to show strong decisive power, choosing a course and sticking to it, despite opposition. An example of this was during the battle at Chapultepec, where Jackson refused to obey orders which he considered to be wrong. He later argued that his denial was justified, as he considered the withdrawal of the army would do more harm than good under the circumstances surrounding that battle. However, he acquire later in his career to follow instructions of those senior to him even when he knew that the decisions that they made were incorrect. It was this aggressive attitude that earned him his second brevet, and his subsequent progression to Major. He was the only army officer to receive two promotions during the three year Mexico War. Jackson was compli mented with a nicknameStonewall during first battle of son of a bitch Run. Jackson resigned from his army service in February 1852 to follow up with his professorship. JACKSON AS A PROFESSOR After retiring from the Army, Jackson accepted a new career as a professor at Virginia Military Institute and taught Experimental Philosophy and was an Instructor of Artillery. The ideas and theories that he presented were unusual and many are still in use today. Many of his concepts are considered to be military

Should trial by jury be retained present the arguements for and Essay

Should rill by dialog box be retained present the arguements for and against retaining the jury system in criminal court cases. Ref - Essay ExampleRegardless of the historical subsistence, trial by jury it has gone a long way to frame the subject matter of extreme censure. If this academic pondering has to be based on reason, it is obligatory to accept that trial by jury is non the solo way to establish guilt. It shall be necessary to evaluate the arguments on both sides and happen if trial by jury should be totally retained, rejected or if some modifications can be made to it. What Is The Underlying Principle Behind run By Jury? There is a connectedness between country and the jury system. Remember that the law should mirror the needs of the society directly serving the people. Trial by jury allows a group of people, representing a honorable majority of the public, to ensure that the law is not misdirected. The blend of society ideas into the criminal law system has been am ongst the nearly persuasive argument for the establishment and continuance of trial by jury. Therefore, it was not mere supposition when Lord Devlin asserted that trial by jury must exist to serve as a dwarfish parliament1. Trial by jury gives the jury the authority to mix law with facts jurors therefore freely pursue the prejudices of their affections or passions2 and find not guilty when their high opinion for the law is presided by the certainty that to penalize would be unfair3. Are There Any Advantages Of Trial By Jury? Trial by jury is the best blend of logic and common sense4. Remember that the understanding of 12 men is almost the best way to fuck off at a reasoned verdict, better than that of one person. Trial by ones peers is a bastion of democracy. Lord Devlin referred to this as the lamp that shows that freedom lives5. The jury deliberates in the jury room where jurors are free from the heat and controversy of external influences on the case. Trail by jury is the best means to determine credibility and reliability of witnesses in criminal proceedings. It is probable that one brain can easily err. This position was reiterated by Lord Devlin when he said The video that a witness makes depends upon reception as well as transmission, and may be affected by the idiosyncrasies of the receiving mind the impression made upon a mind of 12 people is more reliable. A judge may fail to make enough allowance for the behaviour of the stupid because by his training he regards so much as simple that for the ordinary man may be difficult. The jury hears the witness as one who is as ignorant as they are of lawyers ways of thought6. There is public participation in the trial process. A good system of law is highly rated as a superior section of civilization, which in its absence the people lose confidence in the law. This is connected to the notion of popular opinion, whereby societys standards of justice becomes the all arbiter of guilt7. Inclusion of the soci ety is a mature way to express democracy, and to see through the eyes of the society, a better way to legitimize trials and verdicts. Therefore, object lesson credibility becomes a legal feature and the legal system becomes more open. What does trial by jury encompasses Trial by jury exists in most common law jurisdictions. For example, in the United Kingdom, offences listed as indictable offences have to be tried by judge and jury. There are equally legion(predicate) offences which can be tried by the judge or judge and jury8. Statistics however prove that just about an

Economic Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Report - Essay ExamplePresidents economic mathematical operation based on the real unwashed Domestic Products The two presidential terms, the first term of president Barrack Obama and the last term of President George W. Bush were characterized by the worst economic performance since instauration War II. The real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by only 4% during the second term of President George W. Bushs tenure, which was the weakest since World War II. During the first term of Obamas tenure, the real GDP grew by 5.9%, the second weakest since World War II. According to NBER (National Bureau of economic research), the most young niche began in 2007 and ended in 2009. NBER states that economic recession starts when growth is at the peak, and then the nation begins to experience slow economic activity. A recession comes to an end and economic expansion begins afterwards the economic activities hit the economic trough and start to grow again. It can be concluded that t he most late(a) economic growth was lowest during the last term of George W. Bush and started to peak during Barrack Obamas first term. ... W. Bush, and through superb economic policies, he managed to exchange it into a surplus of 2.4% of the GDP in 2000. In addition, federal spending dropped from 22% of GDP in 1992 to 18.4% in 2000. It can be concluded that during Clintons era, the economy experienced the highest growth of GDP at 14% due to sound economic policies, low interest rates, and reduced spending that resulted in a relatively low deficient rate. However, some critics state that bank note Clintons economic policies encouraged subprime lending, housing bubble, and economic boom, which were instrumental in starting the slap-up recession (Tanzi 58). George H. W. Bush can be remembered for spurring the economy that buoyed Clintons economic prosperity. He inherited from Reagan an economy that had started to enter the recession phase after experiencing a considerable economic p rosperity. During his era, the GDP grew by 8.8%, which was a bit higher than those posted by Barrack Obama and George W. Bush. Although his presidency was marked by high-spirited spending on wars, such as the Gulf War, he managed to contain inflation and provided a good economic pathway for the prosperity of the economy during Bill Clintons era (Grabowski, Self, and Shields 71). Presidents economic performance based on civilian unemployment rate The United States of America has experienced eleven recessions since 1948. The federal and state governments fuck off applied several measures to combat recession and minimize civilian unemployment through tax cuts and stimulus spending. In the early 1980s, the economy endured a recession, and the rate of unemployment was at double digits. The main reason was that the federal government was trying to minimize the inflation that was affecting

Creative Process Assignment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creative Process Assignment - Article ExampleIdeas sometime needs inspiration forexample a personmay have a dream which gives them an intellect. This idea has to be worked on immediately thus this person has to wake up in the middle of the night to sound d bear these ideas lest they forget. Normal situations like taking a shower, watching a film or walking in the streets have a tendency of producing puffy ideas. In my own perspective everybody is creative if they decide to put their mind to it (Jaffe, 2003). Butif we look at the history of creativity which is the cornerstone of advertisements big ideas, we find egress that the minds ability to be creative has been overshadowed(Griffin & Morrison, 2010).creative thinking is a tough thing for most people yet it is very important in the contemporary society(Jaffe, 2003). Creativity is a process that guaranteeps into the mind of the people. Everybody has their own creative process since each mind is unique thus ideas are born differ ently(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). I have my own creative process which I use to deliver my big ideas and I have to know my process just like an artist knows his tools. Novelty is my fleck one tool that I use before even starting the creative process(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). I do not necessarily have to have the idea at hand but if I have novelty I can always come up with new ideas which bring dynamism to the advertise world.My creative process involves four significant stages with the first stage being facility(Griffin & Morrison, 2010). The preparation stage is where in my opinion makes the creative process tough. An example is when you see a person walking down the street you dont look twice or remember him or her a few seconds aft(prenominal) they have, passed. Why? Because it is ordinary, it is normal nothing stands out worth remembering(Jaffe, 2003). Now this same concept must be played in creativity in advertising. The preparation part means that I have to find out someth ing new, something

Term paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Term paper - Assignment ExampleNon verbal communication includes the use of gestures, body languages, the dressing recruit and even the scent. All these convey very significant information which at times speaks even louder than verbal communication. There is also the written communication which may be in the form of letters, memos, reports, minutes, books, emails, internet and magazines. Another form of communication is the use of visuals such as graphs, maps, logos, charts among others (Alvesson 45-9).The key elements of communication include the kernel, the sender, the receiver, encoding, decoding, medium of transmission, and the feedback. The message is the information that is being transmitted. For communication to be effective, the message has to be very accurate, clear and correct. The central idea ought to be necessarily communicated very clearly so that the receiver is able to understand and utilize the content of the message.The sender is the person who is transmitting th e message. He is the one to determine the medium to use in displace the information. The sender is therefore very important in the process of communication since he is able to determine the success or failure of communication. If the sender uses a wrong channel, the information may not reach the intended audience. Similarly, if he does not embrace the clarity of the ideas that ar to be communicated, the information may snuff it distorted and therefore not serve its intended purpose.Communication is very essential at the work place. Without effective communication in an organization, several problems are bound to arise. As such, for any organization to realize its objectives effectively there ought to be effective transmission and communication.Effective and efficient communication is critical for managers in organizations so as to perform the basic functions of management including leading, planning, organizing, and controlling. Communication

Cask of the Amontillado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cask of the Amontillado - Essay ExampleI indulged myself on reading the spirit level separately to understand the plot of the narrative. I learnt that the story is narrated by a character known as Montresor who is planning to kill his conversancy, Fortunato, who insulted him. The two characters come from the equal favorable class and are highly respected because of the affluence they possess. The story shows how Montresor planned to kill Fortunato using his fondness for wine, the amontillado, during the carnival season (Poe, 57). He manages to kill his friend by trapping him in a small crypt where he was supposed to find out whether the wine was amontillado.Symbols in the story helped me in comprehending the plot and the story of the shirt story (Poe, 3). For example, Fortunato as a name is ironic device since the name originates from fortunate in Italian. This is the opposite of what happens since Fortunato was unfortunate in his life when he was tricked by his friend and finall y met his

Art History - Michelangelo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art History - Michelangelo - Assignment ExampleThis aspect of Michelangelos paintings is clearly brought disclose in one of his most celebrated paintings the Creation of Adam on the Sistine Chapel ceiling. The painting shows how Michelangelo understands the human anatomy, as well as movement. This painting has cardinal figures, on the left side there is a figure of Adam while the right side has a figure of God held by angels. check to Wallace, the figure that surrounds God and his angels resemble the shape of the brain, which is part of the human anatomy. Therefore, it is clear that Michelangelo used the skills that he studied in human anatomy as the important subject in the creation of Adam, as well as the rest of his paintings. The Fall of Man is part of Michelangelos Sistine Chapel ceiling. The painting portrays how Adam and even were tricked into eating from the forbidden tree, which made them lose the Garden of enlightenment. Wallace states that Michelangelo expresses the ef fects of this transition through his painting. The tree and the snake in the painting are used to water parting between sorrow and Eden. One side of the tree is green, and Eve seems quite relaxed, which shows happiness and lack of essential needs while the other side is ironic and barren and Adam and Eve are walking, which portrays unrest after eating the forbidden fruit. The treatment of this theme is similar to the Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden by Masaccio in the Brancacci Chapel. In the painting, Eve has her breasts covered just like in Michelangelos painting while Adam covers his face as they are being expelled from Eden. Thus, both paintings depict the effects of transition that Adam and Eve went through after sinning. Just like all Michelangelos paintings, the figures in The demise Judgment are nude.

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary - Assignment ExampleIt had also adopted active industrial policies that lured impertinent investment in exchange of knowledge transfer. some other important element of its success has been its proximity to Hong Kong where inflow of capital and know how was easy. By focusing on backward areas that were near Hong Kong, it introduced reallocation of labor from factory farm to other activities. The local government and entrepreneurs were given fillips to introduce reforms. The reforms and industrial revolution was accompanied by high quality low waged human skill and bag that was able to mass produce. China has not followed the traditional western culture of best practices but has concentrated on improved performance through incentive driven approach, especially during transition period of growth and development. Indeed, while China lacks in freedom, the billion plus population is high growth market for foreign investment. It has introduced fresh reforms to incorporate the c oncern regarding environment concern, human rights and more conducive environment for foreign business. This is a way to declare that its growth is not still a bubble with short life span. Reference Case study Understanding a Development Miracle China.

Color and the Visible Spectrum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Color and the Visible Spectrum - Research Paper ExampleThe visible spectrum range is located on the electromagnetic spectrum at bottom ranging from 780 nanometer to 390 nanometers. The narrow band forms the ROYGBIV, as will be discussed in the body of the project. The following is a representation of a visible light spectrum at bottom the electromagnetic wave spectrumFrom the image above, it is clear that within each spectrum division of visible light range there is a particular color to that cause. Consequently, this brings the apprehension of retina perceiving specific color sensation when light consisting of certain wavelength drops on the retina. Isaac Newtont illustrates this aspect by using the light illumination on prism. The prism divides the light shining through into various wavelengths thereby showing the various color components of the visible light. Each color produced in that is a representation of a particular wavelength the wavelengths be what cause the varying a mounts of bend exhibited by each color. upon this discussion comes the aspect of dispersion, which is simply refers to the process of separation of visible light into various distinct colors. In the presence of a prism, as shown in the image, dispersion of visible light results to the colors red (R), orange (O), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), and violet (V) (Gomes & Velho, 98). The abbreviations therein give visible light the name ROY G BIV (Even though Indigo (I) is usually not depicted within the spectrum range, it is arbitrarily added to produce a vowel for Roys name that comes last). From the spectrum, red has the longer wavelengths meaning it can be easily seen while violet has the shorted wavelength, which confirm the rarity of human eye perceive it. The following is an image showing the visible light spectrum with descriptionThe distinct types of cones characterized by photo-pigments in humans, allows them to have sensitivity to three

The cooling off period Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The cooling off period - Assignment ExampleThe subsequent paragraphs will look for and define each category into details with an aim of distinguishing them from integrity other,Mass murderers refer to individuals who efface four or more people in one location at a particular time. It could be a few minutes or last several days but the location remains the same. Most of this type of killers do end up committing suicide or are killed by the police. Mass murders are influenced by several factors. Mass cleaning can result when the killers choose a specific target which they think is causing them stress and therefore execute killings to satisfy their ego. It could also take another form where the killers attack targets that have no connection with them but belongs to groups the killer dislikes. It has also been observed that most mass killings are motivated by the earth of well-nigh hatred between assailants and their victims which is provoked by a specific event that sparks the k illings.Spree murderers or killers on the other hand refer to those who kill two or more victims in more than one location in a fairly rapid succession. Spree killings tend to be rare and the spree killing teams consist of a submissive lover and a dominant leader. The occurrence of their murders in separate locations is considered a single event because it lacks a cooling off period. Mass and spree murderer are actually rare but it is believed that strict gun controls may help prevent some incidences of the would-be spree or mass killings. But this measure is unlikely to control serial killing.Serial killer or murderer refers to a somebody who has killed three or more persons, the murders have taken place in three or more separate locations at different times and has been refer or engaged in an emotional cooling off period between the murders. It is estimated that serial killing alone has contributed to 20% of the murders in the United States. quaternion subtypes of serial

Qualifications of arbitrator 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Qualifications of arbitrator 2 - Essay ExampleThe SAL 2012 does non define this, but the set of its Implementing Regulations, which has not yet been field of studyd, is expect to clarify this issue. Meanwhile, one could turn to its older version, the Implementing Regulations of the previous Saudi Arbitration fair play, which included the same requirement.3 The regulations states that a person can be considered of vertical bearing if he has not been sentenced to Had or Tazir4, to penalty for a crime of dishonor, or being dismissed from a public position following a disciplinal order.5 Taking from this conception as well as the body of previous court proceedings and judgments, it is clear that the requirement of good conduct is adjoining to the requirement of Adalah in sharia but it is not regarded as equal to it.6 This is because committing minor sins and persisting on them which are considered as acts contrary to Adalah according to sharia do not always constitute an offense or offenses in the eyes of the law. Most of these do not call for the issuance of a legal decision with Tazir or dismissal from public position at the present time in Saudi Arabia. 7 T presentfore, what contradicts Adalah according to the perspective of Sharia does not necessarily contradict the good conduct in the Kingdom. One could also examine the motivations of the legislators. By refraining from mentioning Adalah in the law, the Saudi legislature is explicit in its intent. If Adalah was meant to be the same as the requirements for good conduct and reputation according to Sharia, then the framers would clearly mention it like what they have done in the Judicial Law concerning the requirement of eligibility. In that law, it was clearly stated that he who is appointed as a judge shall have full judicial competence according to Sharia provisions.8 In practice, the good conduct is a presumed quality in the arbitrator unless contrary is proven by who claims otherwise.9 Should the c ontrary be proven, it is supposed that the day of the month of the arbitrator is to be nullified in line with the Saudi Arbitration Law, which in turn exposes the arbitral award to challenge. There arises a question here concerning international arbitration and whether it is required for the arbitrator to be of good conduct and reputation within the criterion of the Saudi Law. This issue is addressed by adhering to the criteria of good conduct by the law, that which governs the arbitrator, as agreed upon by both parties in dispute. If the arbitrator is a Saudi national then the criteria of the Saudi Law is to be applied, if the arbitrator is from another state then that states criteria of good conduct is to be applied. This is due to the aim of the Saudi legislature from this requirement which is to issue a fair and correct award. Therefore, it is supposed to apply the law of the state of the arbitrator since it would be less contentious, more impartial and more appropriate baromet er in determining the good conduct of its citizens. 1.1 Legal Capacity (Age of Puberty and Mental Ability) Sharia scholars agree that a judge or arbitrator should at least(prenominal) reach puberty and should be mentally able as well.10 They is based on the principle that the legal actions of immature and mentally ill persons - without the permission of their protector - are not approved, and thus

Apparel Industry Essay Example for Free

Apparel Industry Essay* SilkSteps by step process of manufacturing garmentsDesign/sketch In the process of manufacturing, sketching take place designs of cloths and their enlarge are sketched.Pattern design The pattern drafting method is used for the designing a pattern and the purpose of making this pattern is to create the ingest garment.Sample making The pattern is then sending to the sewing department so they will assemble it into a garment, this is usually stitched on sundry(a) or muslin which is an inferior quality of fabric and it reduces cost. Production pattern This is used for huge production garment. The patterns of garments can be made by two methods frankfurter/CAM methods because they are consider as easiest method of designing pattern.Pattern grading Grading is the process used for sized pattern. It is used for moving and adjusting the pattern for ten-fold sizes.Spreading and cutting After grading and relaxing the fabric it will be cutinto equal pieces and the n spread manually or by controlled system. Lastly the fabric is cut into the shape of the garment forms.Embroidery or screen printing Embroidery and printing of designs took place only if it is said by the customers. Embroidery is done by using computerized equipment each production line may include 10 to 20 embroidery stations.Sewing Number of bray is indulging in the sewing process this labor transforms the pieces of fabrics into designer garments. Garments are sew in an assembly line as it progresses down it get completed.

Thinking Book Review Essay Example for Free

Thinking Book Review EssayBook Review The chapter speaks about face-to-face barriers and the system of enculturation. Enculturation meaning the way we were raised up by our families, the culture, work and religion affecting us through the way we see things. Importantly, atomic number 18 the factors of acceptance in society and following those norms through your lifestyle. The things you eat, drink, religious beliefs, violence and discrimination are all generated by enculturation. When people step aside from the conditions of enculturation, they operate more aware of the teachings and the ideas of others. It creates a theme of having an open mind and of better understanding. If the individual would step aside from some of the things brought down by family and the environment it would handle many of the misconceptions being spread and taught. If those who are unable to resist the process of enculturation tend to be fanatics instead of thinking things objectively on antitheti cal social and ethical concerns.Critical Review Overall, the chapter allows one to reflect upon ourselves to see how culture, environment, and family affect us in many different ways. From the ideology to the way we cut across people, we see others who think different than us as ignorant or blind but in actuality it is us who categorize and judge others based on our beliefs. Our own egos get in the way of learning and understanding other people or from experiences we would not have if it was not because of our own ideas. In the longsighted run, we have to rationalize and understand that different ideas and personalisedities are what make us unique and learn to disagree or agree without regarding your personal emotions. We ourselves placed these personal barriers that as time pasts leads us to regret and stress.

Legal, social, and economics of Business Essay Example for Free

Legal, social, and economics of Business EssayThe scenario in question gives us the portfolio of a someone that likes to do things around the home and has come up with an cerebration that might benefit his/her home and perhaps other brisk homes globally. A nonher version of this idea already exists on the marketplace but the person believes his invention might further simplify and make the implement more user hospit commensurate and safer. This person does non cede available funds for the cast off and would therefore nourish to look to an outsider to complete the task at hand. The inventor has researched the market of the other appliance and found that it has an annual growth of 2%. He believes this invention could increase that growth because he thinks this invention might be utilise in many other appliances making the product quite versatile and therefore appealing to a wide range of markets. For the person to be able to make a wise decision about how to make his project a reality we look at three pillowcases of line of course, the repair proprietorship, general confederacy and corporation, while considering the advantages and disadvantages.After looking thoroughly at these lawsuits of tunees, we try to make an informed decision in which type to recommend for the project, keeping in reason all the aspects of the persons limitations. These three types of businesses all have their advantages and disadvantages and base on those we determine that general partnership would be the smartest way to proceed, as the persons limitations minimize the chances of the two other options succeeding.Let us start by looking at closely at the three business types in question regarding the scenario.Sole proprietorship, a business owned and operated by one person.AdvantagesHe would be in full control, and accountable to no one but himself. In the case listed this could be full because he could manage his time between his business and the home equally, o n the other hand it might also bring difficulties both to the home and business as one might suffer from the other. Managing a business by oneself must be a difficult task.It is easily achievable. The startup of a mend proprietorship would be easy, but does success come from ease? There must be some hazards and difficulties involved.Less money to be raised for showtime up the business. As written in the scenario, the subject does not have access to large funds, therefore this could be a less financially upsetting way to start.DisadvantagesHe would be liable for all the debts of the business personally, there is no limit to his liability. Putting his familys financial security at risk might not seem a reliable idea and hardly appealing to his spouse, but taking a considerable amount of risk would be necessary.He might find it difficult to attain funding. Being an individual with low net worth banks and other loan facilities might not privation to take the chance of lending the money for the project.General partnership, two or more persons whom share monetary responsibilities.AdvantagesGrowth possibilities. As described in the scenario the idea could be usable with several appliances making the project likely to have considerable growth potential in time.Easier to attain funding. If two or more individuals take up partnership it is more likely to be appealing to monetary facilities to fund the project because two individuals are worth more than simply one.Both partners are taxed as individuals. Only one level of taxation. Partners are taxed according to their partnership agreement and have full control over how their income is allocated in accordance to their interests as long as there is economic reason.DisadvantagesOne person may be liable for all debts. If for example a person would only be letting someone use their name in the partnership agreement, that same person, even if he or she could prove never to have had anything to do with the business itse lf, could be liable. It is therefore extremely important to have a good, detailed partnership agreement that covers all aspects of the partnership.Conveyance of ownership flowerpot be arduous. If for example one of the partners died, the partnership would go to his next of kin or whomever is his or her heir. This could be a problem if that person is not elicit in the partnership or for any other reason is unable to uphold the partnership agreement.Corporation, a business where owners have separate term from the business itself and are only financially liable at part.AdvantagesThe owners are only liable for the funds they bring into the business. There is an exception from this rule, if the incorporation of the company was not up to par, an owner can be held liable.The business is not reliant on the owners to continue. The board members can easily agree on push an owner out of the corporation, which can be become a reality in this particular scenario if the inventor or initial ow ner of the corporation does not have a bulletproof agreement and/or patent of the product of the corporation. If an owner dies or by any other loadeds cannot uphold his status in the corporation it does not affect the corporation itself.DisadvantagesCostly startup. As written before, the subject is not a person of great means. Starting a corporation could be extremely difficult for this person.Rules and regulations. There are different rules and regulations in accordance with where the corporation is incorporated, for the subject it might be a wise decision to incorporate in another state than where he lives, which in turn could make the spouse unhappy for it would obviously make the home intent difficult and/or resolve in them having to move the whole family to a new place.The owner as well as the business are taxed separately, making the income double taxed. First, a corporation pays income taxes on company profits. Then stockholders pay taxes on their income (in form of dividen ds) returned by their investments.( Ebert, R. J., Griffin,R. W. (2011), page 48)To make an informed decision regarding the type of business that best fits the persons interests, abilities and the product, the first step for the person could be to have the idea assessed. There are several businesses that offer that pleasant of services and for this particular scenario it might be the best thing to do. From reading the scenario it is apparent that the persons spouse is insecure about the whole affair and by having the idea or invention assessed the inventor could get an experienced professional in this field to assess the product regarding manufacturing possibilities, consumer needs, legal aspects and distribution, before he jumps in at the deep end and puts his familys financial security at risk.Having done that, based on the assessment, he could make an informed decision regarding the business type best suitable. After reading the scenario and studying the business types it would be likely that the best type in this case would be General partnership. That recommendation is based on the fact that the person is low on funding options and taking in consideration the families security, sole proprietorship seems too risky because the person would have to create large debts in the beginning to just produce the product, that is, if any type of monetary company would want to risk lending to the person in the first place.Also by opting for sole proprietorship, all obligations of the business would fall on the person, making the venture potentially minimize family time. Even though sole proprietorship could result in great personal success and money if all went as planned, the initial risk would be too great, especially when interpreted into consideration the fact that the person has little or no managerial skills. By choosing general partnership, the person could, after having the invention assessed, and perhaps patented the appliance, make detailed business plan tha t could be presented to one or more potential business partners with access to large funds and /or good credit, being careful in choosing someone who can bring to the table something that compensates his shortcomings, like his lack of managerial skills.General partnership also divides the risk, making the project more appealing to the persons spouse. By creating a bulletproof detailed partnership agreement it minimizes the risk of all factors of the disadvantages in general partnership. Choosing the corporation type at this time would not be wise because it requires large funds and could prove too large an undertaking for the person at this point. That however does not mean things cannot change in time.

We see and understand things not as they are but as we are

We contrive and empathise things non as they ar yet as we areWe see and understand things not as they are but as we are. Discuss this claim in at least two ways of knowing.When the theory of fightership teacher asked a student in the class to examine and describe a paper salad days, he boldly described it as soft, weak and sm tout ensemble. I also examined the same paper flower and came up with an understanding that the flower is small, weak and soft. This was because we both were observing the same thing. This observation leads to a hypothesis that the existence of noesis without human minds is not possible. If in that instant of time one of us would unfold the paper flower and make a paper boat to run it on the water place in a bucket, we both would have called the differences. This assertion points out our ways of acquiring knowledge. Is it worth saying that human mind understands the world and its phenomenon according to the knowledge being saved in to it earlier. Does culture has impacts in the way humans see and understand? Do people of diametrical religions experience the same macrocosm? Through this strain I shall try to look at the above mentioned problems of knowing and come up with an argument that humans do see and understand things not as they (things) are but as we (humans) are. Famously quoted by N. R. HansonTwo third of what we see is behind our eyes.I myself agree with the title of the essay that I see and understand things not as they are but as I am. But why? We wouldnt have any knowledge of the after-school(prenominal) world without our perception. For example a person from a different culture than ours would misunderstand the purpose of a finger bowl with a flower flower petal at a dining table and perceive it as a bowl of soup. The important issue here is that a same thing is sensed differently by different ob suers due to various aspects in their lives. These perceptions are often pissedly influenced by our experiences a nd memories, religion, personality, culture and even gender. Plato defined knowledge as Justified True Belief. According to the definition, the more justification we can provide for a particular flavour, the knowledge constructed from the fact will be easier to understand. Mostly the knowledge human value primarily is based on cultural backgrounds and past knowledge. For example dogs will always scare a man if he has been bitten by dog in the childhood while some people on the different hand have dogs as pets and loves them as their sustain children.One of the main issues of knowledge in this scope would be to explore the question that states that do emotions affect the way we see and understand things? First of all, I must mention that the ways of getting knowledge from emotions are facial expressions, tone of voice or tears. For example if I drag literature into the essay and take a look at the Slumdog Millionaire. There comes a point in the story when the character Jamal wit nesses his girlfriend getting rapped. Jamal finds this act of violence more hurtful to himself sooner of finding it hurting to his friend. Jamal sees himself as the victim because of the pain he is getting just by hearing the voices and runs from the scene. But in reality his refusal to help his friend makes him as accused of the crime as the perpetrator. The point of interest in this example is that Jamal saw the situation through his mind and his emotions did not let him see the actual reality. So he saw the whole situation as he was, not as the reality was.Another example in this context could be a student who is very intelligent but is held down in the class because he is deemed to be selfish. In his point of view he is strong and independent and has great integrity that is why he never bows to altruism. But other students criticize him because of this attitude. Sacrifice of self is highly appreciated in some cultures but in others self reliance is honored the most. This also p oints me back to the question of the essay and concludes that culture plays a significant role in what we see and how we perceive it. Religion also plays a part in the perception of people. For example Muslims are not allowed to eat pork and they have phantasmal justifications to prove their belief but for the rest of the world it is quite normal to eat pork and they serve it both at their national and holy events. hence a same event in time and space cannot be perceived by same point of view by particular conclave of people. These three examples led me to conclude that perception is so strongly influenced by emotions, culture and religion that people see the reality as they are not as the reality is.Sometimes one comes across knowledge that seems authentic but that is not true. I will quote the 4th century BCconcept that the terra firma is flat. Lack of equipment and modern technology lead ancient scientists to claim this hypothesis. The scientists justified this hypothesis by saying that if earth was not flat rather field then the things on the curved surface of the earth would slide and fall down. Moreover they also justified that the earth appears to be flat even viewed from a high altitude. Since their conclusion (justifications) made sense to the people of that era, so they considered this knowledge precious. But with the passage of time, scientists realized that earth is spherical instead of flat. They justified this belief by showing the fact that if earth was flat then all the bodies in the sky should be visible at the same time for all parts of the surface. Also when a ship disappears in the horizon justifies that the earth is sphere. These justifications were not enough for old believers of flat earth. Advancement in science and technology made humans land on moon. When astronauts showed pictures of earth taken from the surface of moon, people started believing the new knowledge. Pictures served as proof for the belief. Even in the straw ma n of these strong reasoning some old religious scientists deny the fact and are still proving their old knowledge. They believe that in such cases pictures can serve as propaganda. Knowledge based on photographs could be biased or subjective. Thus this example shows that the knowledge that people value the most is the one with their own concrete justifications based on the circumstances or the previous knowledge. But how can we know what could be close to reality? Photographs are a hightail it to reach knowledge, they dont serve knowledge. They can be manipulated for various purposes as in this example photographs taken from moon can be a source of propaganda for the country first reached at moon.There also exists knowledge that has similar outcomes yet people do not agree with it. I will take ghosts as example. Spiritual scholars have played a key role in showing existence of ghosts. They showed religious references, pictures, videos and people who can approve their existence but majority of the people do not believe this because they are not able to show their justification to the rest of the world. If I consider myself, I in person believe in ghosts because my religion has strong justifications for that. But those justifications are very weak for the non believers. So when I see a person screaming at night or walking in sleep I consider it as influence of some ghost because this is what my religion and culture taught me. On the other hand modern science has showed evidence to many sicknesses in which a sleeping person might walk and even go to graveyard to take to be the dead ones. So a doctor will see this situation completely differently than anyone from old South Asian society. This is also an example of different perception of the same event.The whole discussion in this essay leads me to conclude than more the justifications, more reliable the belief is. But sometimes even justifications and proofs exit to convince people. Forexample we see a toothpi ck is embedded in chocolate dipped strawberries. A person with good socio economic background knows the purpose of this toothpick that is lifting the strawberry without getting hands dirty. On the other hand a person with less social status might see the toothpick as a cleaning official document that is used right after one has eaten the strawberries. So this whole discussion can be concluded by saying that knowledge that is most valuable depends on person to person. The knowledge that satisfies ones belief, emotions and actions is valued to him. Thus for him that particular knowledge is most valuable. But if we think logically, then there is no doubt that strong justifications (as in science) make the argument more valuable. As said by David Hume (1711-76)Reason is always and everywhere the slave of the passions